ArticlePloS one2012
Protection of Tregs, suppression of Th1 and Th17 cells, and amelioration of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a physically-modified saline.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of RNS60 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase II multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.European journal of neurology · 2023Trial
- Build muscles and protect myelin.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Muscle-building supplement β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Article
- LinkingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective effect of the RNS60 in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by gemfibrozil in mice via PPARβ/δ: implications for multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- NanoBubble-Mediated Oxygenation: Elucidating the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms in Hypoxia and Mitochondrial-Related Pathologies.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate, a Body-Building Supplement in Humans.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Upregulation of DJ-1 in Dopaminergic Neurons by a Physically-Modified Saline: Implications for Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Beneficial Effects of RNS60 in Cardiac Ischemic Injury.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Integrating complex host-pathogen immune environments into S. aureus vaccine studies.Cell chemical biology · 2022Review
- Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Cells · 2021Review
- IL-12 p40 monomer is different from other IL-12 family members to selectively inhibit IL-12Rβ1 internalization and suppress EAE.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Anti-inflammatory activity of diindolylmethane alleviates Riemerella anatipestifer infection in ducks.PloS one · 2020Article
- Restoring self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases by enhancing regulatory T-cells.Cellular immunology · 2019Review
- A pilot trial of RNS60 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Muscle & nerve · 2019Article
- Nanobubbles Water Curcumin Extract Reduces Injury Risks on Drop Jumps in Women: A Pilot Study.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
- Selective disruption of TLR2-MyD88 interaction inhibits inflammation and attenuates Alzheimer's pathology.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Article
- Increase in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Neuronal Cells by RNS60, a Physically-Modified Saline, via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Mediated Upregulation of PGC1α.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2018Article
- Therapeutic Strategies Under Development Targeting Inflammatory Mechanisms in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases, the autoreactive T cells overcome the resistance provided by the regulatory T cells (Tregs) due to a decrease in the number of Foxp3-expressing Tregs. Therefore, upregulation and/or maintenance of Tregs during an autoimmune insult may have therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune diseases. Although several immunomodulatory drugs and molecules are available, most present significant side effects over long-term use. Here we have undertaken an innovative approach to upregulate Tregs and achieve immunomodulation. RNS60 is a 0.9% saline solution generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. RNS60, but not NS (normal saline), RNS10.3 (TCP-modified saline without excess oxygen) and PNS60 (saline containing excess oxygen without TCP modification), was found to upregulate Foxp3 and enrich Tregs in MBP-primed T cells. Moreover, RNS60, but not NS, RNS10.3 and PNS60, inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of iNOS in MBP-primed splenocytes. Incubation of the cells with an NO donor abrogated the RNS60-mediated upregulation of Foxp3. These results suggest that RNS60 boosts Tregs via suppression of NO production. Consistent to the suppressive activity of Tregs towards autoreactive T cells, RNS60, but not NS, RNS10.3, or PNS60, suppressed the differentiation of Th17 and Th1 cells and shifted the balance towards a Th2 response. Finally, RNS60 treatment exhibited immunomodulation and ameliorated adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, via Tregs. These results describe a novel immunomodulatory property of RNS60 and suggest its exploration for therapeutic intervention in MS and other autoimmune disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.