ArticlePloS one2012
SNPs in the TGF-β signaling pathway are associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating multi-omics to unveil PSMD12 as a critical gene in promoting brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera leaves extract nanoemulsion against penconazole-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats via modulating TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- A germline SNP in BRMS1 predisposes patients with lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis and can be ameliorated by targeting c-fos.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Smartphone-Based Platforms for Clinical Detections in Lung-Cancer-Related Exhaled Breath Biomarkers: A Review.Biosensors · 2022Review
- Genetic variations of rs6928 and rs5999521 ofTranslational cancer research · 2021Article
- The Network of Cytokines in Brain Metastases.Cancers · 2021Review
- Assessment of the Role of SelectedPharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- The correlation between crizotinib efficacy and molecular heterogeneity by next-generation sequencing in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2018Article
- Potential Molecular Signatures Predictive of Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Review
- Article
- A Functional Variant of SMAD4 Enhances Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Risk through Promoting Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis and Proteoglycan Degradation.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- The Thr300Ala variant of ATG16L1 is associated with decreased risk of brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Autophagy · 2017Article
- Progression and metastasis of lung cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2016Review
- Association between brain metastasis from lung cancer and the serum level of myelin basic protein.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBrain metastasis (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is relatively common, but identifying which patients will develop brain metastasis has been problematic. We hypothesized that genotype variants in the TGF-β signaling pathway could be a predictive biomarker of brain metastasis. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe genotyped 33 SNPs from 13 genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway and evaluated their associations with brain metastasis risk by using DNA from blood samples from 161 patients with NSCLC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess brain metastasis risk; Cox hazard analyses were used to evaluate the effects of various patient and disease characteristics on the risk of brain metastasis.
resultsThe median age of the 116 men and 45 women in the study was 58 years; 62 (39%) had stage IIIB or IV disease. Within 24 months after initial diagnosis of lung cancer, brain metastasis was found in 60 patients (37%). Of these 60 patients, 16 had presented with BM at diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed the GG genotype of SMAD6: rs12913975 and TT genotype of INHBC: rs4760259 to be associated with a significantly higher risk of brain metastasis at 24 months follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 2.540, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.204-5.359, P = 0.014; and HR 1.885, 95% CI 1.086-3.273, P = 0.024), compared with the GA or CT/CC genotypes, respectively. When we analyzed combined subgroups, these rates showed higher for those having both the GG genotype of SMAD6: rs12913975 and the TT genotype of INHBC: rs4760259 (HR 2.353, 95% CI 1.390-3.985, P = 0.001).
conclusionsWe found the GG genotype of SMAD6: rs12913975 and TT genotype of INHBC: rs4760259 to be associated with risk of brain metastasis in patients with NSCLC. This finding, if confirmed, can help to identify patients at high risk of brain metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.