ArticlePloS one2012
Cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) HIV-1 and postnatal transmission through breastfeeding.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recurrent Severe Subclinical Mastitis and the Risk of HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Maternal and Breastmilk Viral Load: Impacts of Adherence on Peripartum HIV Infections Averted-The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Infant HIV transmission despite maternal viral suppression: a case of post-weaning seroconversion.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Preventing perinatal HIV acquisition; current gaps and future perspectives.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2024Review
- More than the Infinite Monkey Theorem: NHP Models in the Development of a Pediatric HIV Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Six Decades of Dopamine Hypothesis: Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor the New D2?Reports (MDPI) · 2023Review
- Article
- Single-Chain Variable Fragments of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Prevent HIV Cell-Cell Transmission.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Through Breastfeeding Improving Awareness and Education: A Short Narrative Review.International journal of women's health · 2022Review
- Localization of infection in neonatal rhesus macaques after oral viral challenge.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with Infant Feeding Choices Among Women with HIV in Botswana.Maternal and child health journal · 2021Article
- Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1: Mechanisms and Nutritional Strategies for Prevention.Cancers · 2021Review
- Revisiting Koch's postulate to determine the plausibility of viral transmission by human milk.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2021Article
- Understanding Viral and Immune Interplay During Vertical Transmission of HIV: Implications for Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Observational
- HIV diagnostic challenges in breast-fed infants of mothers on antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Pediatric HIV-1 Acquisition and Lifelong Consequences of Infant Infection.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- HIV and SIV in Body Fluids: From Breast Milk to the Genitourinary Tract.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTransmission through breastfeeding remains important for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in resource-limited settings. We quantify the relationship between cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) shedding of HIV-1 virus in breastmilk and the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission in the first 6 months postpartum. MATERIALS AND
methodsThirty-six HIV-positive mothers who transmitted HIV-1 by breastfeeding were matched to 36 non-transmitting HIV-1 infected mothers in a case-control study nested in a cohort of HIV-infected women. RNA and DNA were quantified in the same breastmilk sample taken at 6 weeks and 6 months. Cox regression analysis assessed the association between cell-free and cell-associated virus levels and risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission.
resultsThere were higher median levels of cell-free than cell-associated HIV-1 virus (per ml) in breastmilk at 6 weeks and 6 months. Multivariably, adjusting for antenatal CD4 count and maternal plasma viral load, at 6 weeks, each 10-fold increase in cell-free or cell-associated levels (per ml) was significantly associated with HIV-1 transmission but stronger for cell-associated than cell-free levels [2.47 (95% CI 1.33-4.59) vs. aHR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.17-1.96), respectively]. At 6 months, cell-free and cell-associated levels (per ml) in breastmilk remained significantly associated with HIV-1 transmission but was stronger for cell-free than cell-associated levels [aHR 2.53 (95% CI 1.64-3.92) vs. 1.73 (95% CI 0.94-3.19), respectively].
conclusionsThe findings suggest that cell-associated virus level (per ml) is more important for early postpartum HIV-1 transmission (at 6 weeks) than cell-free virus. As cell-associated virus levels have been consistently detected in breastmilk despite antiretroviral therapy, this highlights a potential challenge for resource-limited settings to achieve the UNAIDS goal for 2015 of eliminating vertical transmission. More studies would further knowledge on mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission and help develop more effective drugs during lactation.
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