ArticlePloS one2012
Parallel immunizations of rabbits using the same antigen yield antibodies with similar, but not identical, epitopes.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The landscape of antibody production systems: recombinant expression for research, diagnostics and therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Deciphering the functional roles of PE18 and PPE26 proteins in modulatingFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- De novo protein sequencing of antibodies for identification of neutralizing antibodies in human plasma post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Surface-engineered bacteria in drug development.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Bacterial Cell Display for Selection of Affibody Molecules.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Evaluation of New Polyclonal Antibody Developed for Serological Diagnostics of Tomato Mosaic Virus.Viruses · 2022Article
- Epitope mapping of commercial antibodies that detect myocilin.Experimental eye research · 2018Article
- Staphylococcus carnosus: from starter culture to protein engineering platform.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2017Review
- Epitope Mapping of Avian Influenza M2e Protein: Different Species Recognise Various Epitopes.PloS one · 2016Article
- Recombinant renewable polyclonal antibodies.mAbs · 2015Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A problem for the generation of polyclonal antibodies is the potential difficulties for obtaining a renewable resource due to batch-to-batch variations when the same antigen is immunized into several separate animals. Here, we have investigated this issue by determining the epitopes of antibodies generated from parallel immunizations of rabbits with recombinant antigens corresponding to ten human protein targets. The epitopes were mapped by both a suspension bead array approach using overlapping synthetic 15-mer peptides and a bacterial display approach using expression of random fragments of the antigen on the surface of bacteria. Both methods determined antibody binding with the aid of fluorescent-based analysis. In addition, one polyclonal antibody was fractionated by peptide-specific affinity capture for in-depth comparison of epitopes. The results show that the same antigen immunized in several rabbits yields polyclonal antibodies with similar epitopes, but with larger differences in the relative amounts of antibodies to the different epitopes. In some cases, unique epitopes were observed for one of the immunizations. The results suggest that polyclonal antibodies generated by repeated immunizations do not display an identical epitope pattern, although many of the epitopes are similar.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.