ArticleJournal of virology2013
Identification of the N-terminal domain of the influenza virus PA responsible for the suppression of host protein synthesis.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The PA-X host shutoff site 100 V exerts a contrary effect on viral fitness of the highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza A virus in mice and chickens.Virulence · 2025Article
- PA and PA-X: two key proteins from segment 3 of the influenza viruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from spot-billed duck in China.Virus genes · 2023Article
- Strategies of Influenza A Virus to Ensure the Translation of Viral mRNAs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Host adaptive mutations in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus PA gene regulate translation efficiency of viral mRNAs via GRSF1.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Identification of Amino Acid Residues Required for Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by Influenza Virus A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 H5N1 PA-X.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Accessory Gene Products of Influenza A Virus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Amino Acid Residues Involved in Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by Influenza A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 PA-X.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- The influenza A virus host shutoff factor PA-X is rapidly turned over in a strain-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- PA-X is an avian virulence factor in H9N2 avian influenza virus.The Journal of general virology · 2021Article
- Review
- Roles of the Non-Structural Proteins of Influenza A Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Contribution of Segment 3 to the Acquisition of Virulence in Contemporary H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Truncation of PA-X Contributes to Virulence and Transmission of H3N8 and H3N2 Canine Influenza Viruses in Dogs.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- An R195K Mutation in the PA-X Protein Increases the Virulence and Transmission of Influenza A Virus in Mammalian Hosts.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Fine-tuning a blunt tool: Regulation of viral host shutoff RNases.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Key Role of the Influenza A Virus PA Gene Segment in the Emergence of Pandemic Viruses.Viruses · 2020Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular protein synthesis is suppressed during influenza virus infection, allowing for preferential production of viral proteins. To explore the impact of polymerase subunits on protein synthesis, we coexpressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or luciferase together with each polymerase component or NS1 of A/California/04/2009 (Cal) and found that PA has a significant impact on the expression of eGFP and luciferase. Comparison of the suppressive activity on coexpressed proteins between various strains revealed that avian virus or avian-origin PAs have much stronger activity than human-origin PAs, such as the one from A/WSN/33 (WSN). Protein synthesis data suggested that reduced expression of coexpressed proteins is not due to PA's reported proteolytic activity. A recombinant WSN containing Cal PA showed enhanced host protein synthesis shutoff and induction of apoptosis. Further characterization of the PA fragment indicated that the N-terminal domain (PANt), which includes the endonuclease active site, is sufficient to suppress cotransfected gene expression. By characterizing various chimeric PANts, we found that multiple regions of PA, mainly the helix α4 and the flexible loop of amino acids 51 to 74, affect the activity. The suppressive effect of PANt cDNA was mainly due to PA-X, which was expressed by ribosomal frameshifting. In both Cal and WSN viruses, PA-X showed a stronger effect than the corresponding PANt, suggesting that the unique C-terminal sequences of PA-X also play a role in suppressing cotransfected gene expression. Our data indicate strain variations in PA gene products, which play a major role in suppression of host protein synthesis.
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