Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2013
Cigarette smoking in opioid-dependent pregnant women: neonatal and maternal outcomes.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review: Polysubstance Prevalence Estimates Reported during Pregnancy, US, 2009-2020.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Pooled it
- National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Treating tobacco use disorder in pregnant women in medication-assisted treatment for an opioid use disorder: a systematic review.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2015Pooled it
- Morphine versus methadone for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Methadone vs Morphine for Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Cigarette Smoking Reduction in Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Cigarette use and smoking cessation goals among pregnant women with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Learning and Memory Performance in a Rat Model of Perigestational Opioid Exposure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Tobacco and cannabis use among pregnant women with prenatal opioid use.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- The acoustic properties, syllable structure, and syllable sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during neonatal opioid withdrawal in FVB/N mouse substrains.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Trends in smoking during pregnancy stratified by the use of opioid agonist therapy and the contribution of smoking to poor outcome in neonates prenatally exposed to opioid agonist treatment.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Article
- Adverse Maternal Experiences and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Methadone and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS): what we think we know, but do not.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Global Brain Functional Network Connectivity in Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Children born to women in opioid maintenance treatment: A longitudinal study of child behavioral problems and parenting stress.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Neonatal Outcomes after Combined Opioid and Nicotine Exposure in Utero: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Racial differences in opioid withdrawal syndrome among neonates with intrauterine opioid exposure.Pediatric research · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between cigarette smoking and neonatal and maternal clinical outcomes among opioid-agonist-treated pregnant patients is sparse.
objectives(1) Is smoking measured at study entry related to neonatal and maternal outcomes in pregnant women receiving opioid-agonist medication? (2) Is it more informative to use a multi-item measure of smoking dependence or a single-item measure of daily smoking? (3) Is the relationship between smoking at study entry and outcomes different between methadone and buprenorphine?
methodsSecondary analyses examined the ability of the tobacco dependence screener (TDS) and self-reported past 30-day daily average number of cigarettes smoked, both measured at study entry, to predict 12 neonatal and 9 maternal outcomes in 131 opioid-agonist-maintained pregnant participants.
resultsPast 30-day daily average number of cigarettes smoked was significantly positively associated with total amount of morphine (mg) needed to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.09), number of days medicated for NAS, AOR=1.04 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.06), neonatal length of hospital stay in days, AOR=1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), and negatively associated with 1-AOR=.995 (95% CI: .991,.999) and 5-min Apgar scores, AOR=.996 (95% CI: .994,.998). Simple effect tests of the two significant TDS×medication condition effects found TDS was unrelated to non-normal presentation and amount of voucher money earned in the methadone [AORs=.90 (95% CI: .74, 1.08, p>.24) and 1.0 (95% CI: .97, 1.03, p>.9)] but significant in the buprenorphine condition [AORs=1.57 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.45, p<.05) and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.12, p<.01)].
conclusionsRegardless of prenatal methadone or buprenorphine exposure, heavier cigarette smoking was associated with more compromised birth outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.