ArticleClinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia2013
Incidence of hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving rituximab and the use of intravenous immunoglobulin for recurrent infections.
Article in Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 139 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Use of 20% Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients With B Cell Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma With Humoral Immune Dysfunction After Treatment With Rituximab
Toxin Exposure and Immune Dysregulation in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Across the Military Healthcare System
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 297 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rituximab-induced hypogammaglobulinemia in childhood nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis.Gut · 2025Guideline
- British Society for Immunology and United Kingdom Primary Immunodeficiency Network (UKPIN) consensus guideline for the management of immunoglobulin replacement therapy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Guideline
- Controversies about immunoglobulin replacement therapy in HSCT recipients with hypogammaglobulinemia.Bone marrow transplantation · 2022Pooled it
- Obinutuzumab plus CHOP is effective and has a tolerable safety profile in previously untreated, advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the phase II GATHER study.Leukemia & lymphoma · 2019Trial
- Long-term follow-up of serum immunoglobulin levels in blinatumomab-treated patients with minimal residual disease-positive B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Blood cancer journal · 2014Trial
- Late-Onset Neutropenia and Hypogammaglobulinemia After Dose-Adjusted R-EPOCH in Unfavorable Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Rituximab is associated with an increased risk of malaria among adult lymphoma patients in Malawi: a prospective observational cohort.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Rituximab vs. Cyclophosphamide induction therapy for patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
- Exploring the depths of hypogammaglobulinemia in lymphoid malignancies: Pathophysiology, clinical implications, management options, and future directions.Blood reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Persistent hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab therapy in pediatric patients, prevalence and clinical outcomes.Clinical immunology communications · 2025Article
- Impact of Rituximab on COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Use of Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Clinical Practice: A Review.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Immune mediated inflammatory diseases: moving from targeted biologic therapy, stem cell therapy to targeted cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sequelae of B-Cell Depleting Therapy: An Immunologist's Perspective.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Secondary antibody deficiencies: what's around the corner?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledRituximab targets normal B cells and tumor B cells. We used a unique data-mining tool to identify patients with lymphoma who were treated with rituximab and who had serial pre and post rituximab immunoglobulin concentrations evaluated. After treatment, 39% (69/179) of patients had low levels of immunoglobulin G. Recurrent sinopulmonary infections were seen in 6.6% (14/211). Intravenous immune globulin appeared to reduce the frequency of infection.
backgroundRituximab has altered the treatment approach to B-cell malignancies and other diseases. Reports consider that rituximab had limited impact on serum immunoglobulins. However, anecdotes suggest that rituximab can cause symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia. This retrospective study examined the relationship among rituximab, hypogammaglobulinemia, and treatment of symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG).
methodsPatients with serial quantitative serum immunoglobulin (SIgG) concentrations before and subsequent to rituximab administration at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were identified. Information regarding rituximab administration, SIgG concentrations, frequency of infection, and administration of IVIG were recorded.
resultsBetween December 1998 and April 2009, 211 patients with B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab and with serial SIgG concentrations were identified. One hundred seventy-nine (85%) patients had normal SIgG before rituximab, 32 (15%) had low SIgG. After rituximab use, hypogammaglobulinemia was identified in 38.54% of patients with initially normal SIgG. The risk was greater in patients who received maintenance rituximab. Symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia that prompted IVIG administration developed in 6.6% of patients.
conclusionsIn this data set, rituximab administration was associated with a high frequency of hypogammaglobulinemia, particularly symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia, among patients who received multiple courses of rituximab. Baseline and periodic monitoring of SIgGs is appropriate in patients who receive rituximab.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.