ArticleCarcinogenesis2013
Estrogen metabolism within the lung and its modulation by tobacco smoke.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Smoking as an independent predictor of long term care certification: The Yamagata cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Sex-based differences in lung cancer susceptibility and molecular genetics in the 2020s.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Decoding the enigmatic estrogen paradox in pulmonary hypertension: delving into estrogen metabolites and metabolic enzymes.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Lung cancer in females-sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Review
- Identification of dynamic signatures associated with smoking-related squamous cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Sex specific function of epithelial STAT3 signaling in pathogenesis of K-ras mutant lung cancer.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Aspirin abrogates impairment of mammary gland differentiation induced by early in life second-hand smoke in mice.Carcinogenesis · 2018Article
- Estrogen metabolism in the human lung: impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Early and late effects of aspirin and naproxen on microRNAs in the lung and blood of mice, either unexposed or exposed to cigarette smoke.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Estrogen Repression of MicroRNAs Is Associated with High Guanine Content in the Terminal Loop Sequences of Their Precursors.Biomedicines · 2017Article
- Estrogen, Estrogen Receptor and Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Exploring estrogenic activity in lung cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2017Review
- Blood and lung microRNAs as biomarkers of pulmonary tumorigenesis in cigarette smoke-exposed mice.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- A potential role for estrogen in cigarette smoke-induced microRNA alterations and lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2016Review
- The serotonin transporter promotes a pathological estrogen metabolic pathway in pulmonary hypertension via cytochrome P450 1B1.Pulmonary circulation · 2016Article
- Pharmacological Modulation of Lung Carcinogenesis in Smokers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2016Review
- Modulation by aspirin and naproxen of nucleotide alterations and tumors in the lung of mice exposed to environmental cigarette smoke since birth.Carcinogenesis · 2015Article
- Associations between Environmental Exposures and Incident Colorectal Cancer by ESR2 Protein Expression Level in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2015Article
- Sex hormones in gender-specific risk for head and neck cancer: A review.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although estrogen and the enzymes responsible for its metabolism have been detected within the lung, the ability of this tissue to metabolize estrogen has not been demonstrated previously. The goal of this study was to characterize the profile of estrogen metabolites within the murine lung and to determine the effect of tobacco smoke exposure on metabolite levels. Use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry led to the detection of three estrogens (E1, E2 and E3) and five estrogen metabolites (2-OHE1, 4-OHE1, 4-OHE2, 2-OMeE1 and 2-OMeE2) within the perfused lung, with 4-OHE1 being the most abundant species. Levels of 4-OHEs, carcinogenic derivatives produced primarily by cytochrome P450 1B1 (Cyp1b1), were 2-fold higher in females than males. Deletion of Cyp1b1 in females led to a dramatic reduction (21-fold) in 4-OHEs, whereas levels of 2-OHE1 and the putative protective estrogen metabolite 2-OMeE2 were increased (2.4- and 5.0-fold, respectively) (P = 0.01). Similar quantitative differences in estrogen metabolite levels were observed between Cyp1b1 null and wild-type males. Exposure of female mice to tobacco smoke for 8 weeks (2h per day, 5 days per week) increased the levels of 4-OHE1 (4-fold) and 2-OHE2 (2-fold) within the lung while reducing the total concentration of 2-OMeEs to 70% of those of unexposed controls. These data suggest that tobacco smoke accelerates the production of 4-OHEs within the lung; carcinogenic metabolites that could potentially contribute to lung tumor development. Thus, inhibition of CYP1B1 may represent a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.