ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2013
Helios induces epigenetic silencing of IL2 gene expression in regulatory T cells.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Over-expression of PD-1 Does Not Predict Leukemic Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2019Trial
- Helios is critical for Treg effector differentiation in adipose autoimmunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Distinct transcription factors control tissue adaptation and effector function in infant and adult memory T cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Next-Generation regulatory T cell therapies: Translational considerations for inflammatory bowel disease.Human immunology · 2026Review
- Helios expression in naive CD4+ T cells decreases from neonates to older adults.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Tissue repair in the central nervous system: the epigenetic programming of regulatory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Altered CD27-related T cell subsets reflect immune imbalance in systemic lupus erythematosus.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Tumor microenvironment as niche constructed by cancer stem cells: Breaking the ecosystem to combat cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Development of PVTX-405 as a potent and highly selective molecular glue degrader of IKZF2 for cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A Germline Heterozygous Dominant Negative IKZF2 Variant Causing Syndromic Primary Immune Regulatory Disorder and ICHAD.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Helios-Illuminating the way for lymphocyte self-control.Immunology · 2025Review
- A Combination Therapy of Cyclophosphamide and Immunomodulating Agents in Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- Treg cell plasticity as a driver of inflammation in spondyloarthritis and psoriasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Infiltrating treg reprogramming in the tumor immune microenvironment and its optimization for immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Deciphering the developmental trajectory of tissue-resident Foxp3Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Treg plasticity and human diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Review
- Dominant negative variants inJournal of medical genetics · 2023Article
- Review
- Regulatory T cells in spondyloarthropathies: genetic evidence, functional role, and therapeutic possibilities.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- HELIOS-expressing human CD8 T cells exhibit limited effector functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune disease. Tregs express the transcription factor Foxp3, which acts as a master regulator of their differentiation and controls their capacity to suppress T cell responses. Tregs have an intrinsically anergic phenotype and do not produce IL-2 or proliferate upon stimulation ex vivo. Recent studies identified that Helios, a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, is expressed in Tregs. However, its specific function is not fully understood. In this study, we show that Helios regulates IL-2 production in Tregs by suppressing Il2 gene transcription. Loss of Helios in Tregs breaks their anergic phenotype and results in derepression of the Il2 locus, allowing Tregs to display increased baseline proliferation and to produce IL-2 following stimulation. Conversely, forced expression of Helios in CD4(+)Foxp3(-) T cells results in a loss of their normal ability to produce IL-2. Helios acts by binding to the Il2 promoter and inducing epigenetic modifications that include histone deacetylation. We also show that loss of Helios in Tregs results in decreased Foxp3 binding to the Il2 promoter, indicating that Helios promotes binding of Foxp3 to the Il2 promoter. Interestingly, the loss of Helios in Tregs also causes a decrease in suppressive capacity. Our results identify Helios as a key regulator of Il2 expression in Tregs, contributing to the maintenance of the anergic phenotype.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.