Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23274788›Full record

ArticleAntiviral research2013

Spray drying tenofovir loaded mucoadhesive and pH-sensitive microspheres intended for HIV prevention.

Tao Zhang, Chi Zhang, Vivek Agrahari, James B Murowchick, Nathan A Oyler, Bi-Botti C Youan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antiviral research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Microencapsulation Techniques in HIV Pediatric Formulations: Advances and Future Outlook.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2024
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches for the Central Nervous System Tumors: The Inspiration of Nanobiotechnology.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2017
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels: Theory, modern advances, and applications.Materials science & engineering. R, Reports : a review journal · 2015
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tao ZhangLaboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Chi Zhang
Vivek Agrahari
James B Murowchick
Nathan A Oyler
Bi-Botti C Youan

Funding

Prevention of HIV/AIDS by Stimuli-Sensitive Nanomedicine for Microbicide DeliveryR01AI087304 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY · PI YOUAN, BI-BOTTI CELESTIN · 2011 to 2014
$1.4M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI087304NIAID NIH HHS R01AI087304
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop spray dried mucoadhesive and pH-sensitive microspheres (MS) based on polymethacrylate salt intended for vaginal delivery of tenofovir (a model HIV microbicide) and assess their critical biological responses.

methodsThe formulation variables and process parameters are screened and optimized using a 2(4-1) fractional factorial design. The MS are characterized for size, zeta potential, yield, encapsulation efficiency, Carr's index, drug loading, in vitro release, cytotoxicity, inflammatory responses and mucoadhesion.

resultsThe optimal MS formulation has an average size of 4.73μm, zeta potential of -26.3mV, 68.9% yield, encapsulation efficiency of 88.7%, Carr's index of 28.3 and drug loading of 2% (w/w). The MS formulation release 91.7% of its payload in the presence of simulated human semen. At a concentration of 1mg/ml, the MS are noncytotoxic to vaginal endocervical/epithelial cells and Lactobacillus crispatus when compared to control media. There is also no statistically significant level of inflammatory cytokine (IL1-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10) release triggered by these MS. Their percent mucoadhesion is 2-fold higher than that of 1% HEC gel formulation.

conclusionThese data suggest the promise of using such MS as an alternative controlled microbicide delivery template by intravaginal route for HIV prevention.

Indexed as

AdenineCell SurvivalChemistry, PharmaceuticalDrug CarriersHIV InfectionsHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMicrospheresOrganophosphonatesParticle SizeTenofovirAdenineDrug CarriersOrganophosphonatesTenofovir

Identifiers

PMID23274788
PMCPMC3767469

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.