ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2013
Cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is effective against both extra- and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric IL-6/4R-LL37 Engineered Macrophages Achieve Synchronized Inflammation Control and Antimicrobial Defence in Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Repurposing of doxycycline as a novel therapeutic avenue for management of parkinson's disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Z‑Amino Acids Present Innovative Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties against Methicillin-Susceptible and -ResistantACS omega · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides in Focus: Functional Potential and Translational Evidence from Swine Systems.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Defects in anaplerotic metabolism sensitizeMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Harnessing light-activated gallium porphyrins to combat intracellular Staphylococcus aureus using an in vitro keratinocyte infection model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of microRNAs in immunoregulatory functions of epithelial cells.BMC immunology · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial Peptide Identified via Machine Learning Presents Both Potent Antibacterial Properties and Low Toxicity toward Human Cells.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Shock wave assisted intracellular delivery of antibiotics against bone infection withJournal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Article
- Intracellular bactericidal activity and action mechanism of MDP1 antimicrobial peptide against VRSA and MRSA in human endothelial cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial Peptide Loss, Except for LL-37, is not Characteristic of Atopic Dermatitis.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023Article
- Biodegradable Polymers and Polymer Composites with Antibacterial Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Chemical Synthesis of Innovative Silver Nanohybrids with Synergistically Improved Antimicrobial Properties.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Effects of Ceragenins and Antimicrobial Peptides on the A549 Cell Line and an In Vitro Co-Culture Model of A549 Cells andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Vibrio cholerae senses human enteric α-defensin 5 through a CarSR two-component system to promote bacterial pathogenicity.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Overview of signal transduction between LL37 and bone marrow-derived MSCs.Journal of molecular histology · 2022Review
- The effects of LL-37 on virulence factors related to the quorum sensing system ofAnnals of translational medicine · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics and the challenges posed by intracellular bacteria, which may be responsible for chronic and recurrent infections, have driven the need for advanced antimicrobial drugs for effective elimination of both extra- and intracellular pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the killing efficacy of cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 compared to conventional antibiotics against extra- and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial killing assays and an infection model of osteoblasts and S. aureus were studied to determine the bacterial killing efficacy of LL-37 and conventional antibiotics against extra- and intracellular S. aureus. We found that LL-37 was effective in killing extracellular S. aureus at nanomolar concentrations, while lactoferricin B was effective at micromolar concentrations and doxycycline and cefazolin at millimolar concentrations. LL-37 was surprisingly more effective in killing the clinical strain than in killing an ATCC strain of S. aureus. Moreover, LL-37 was superior to conventional antibiotics in eliminating intracellular S. aureus. The kinetic studies further revealed that LL-37 was fast in eliminating both extra- and intracellular S. aureus. Therefore, LL-37 was shown to be very potent and prompt in eliminating both extra- and intracellular S. aureus and was more effective in killing extra- and intracellular S. aureus than commonly used conventional antibiotics. LL-37 could potentially be used to treat chronic and recurrent infections due to its effectiveness in eliminating not only extracellular but also intracellular pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.