ArticleBiomaterials2013
The effect of antigen encapsulation in chitosan particles on uptake, activation and presentation by antigen presenting cells.
Article in Biomaterials, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches in Poultry Coccidiosis Management: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Subunit vaccination using Atomic Layering Thermostable Antigen and Adjuvant (ALTAFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide Adjuvants as Innate Immune Trainers: Bridging Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Activation and Metabolic Reprogramming for Synthetic Vaccine Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- CHIVAX 2.1-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Intranasal Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19: Development and Murine Safety Assessment.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Chitosan-based formulations for therapeutic applications. A recent overview.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Respiratory delivered vaccines: Current status and perspectives in rational formulation design.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- A multi-epitope protein vaccine encapsulated in alginate nanoparticles as a candidate vaccine against Shigella sonnei.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The efficacy of cercarial antigen loaded on nanoparticles as a potential vaccine candidate inJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of trivalent DNA vaccine candidate encapsulated in Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles against EV-A71 and CV-A16.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2024Article
- Chitosan non-particulate vaccine delivery systems.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2024Review
- SRA inhibition improves antitumor potency of antigen-targeted chaperone vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- A new polysaccharide platform constructs self-adjuvant nanovaccines to enhance immune responses.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Tumor-targeted/reduction-triggered composite multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer chemo-photothermal combinational therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Immunotherapeutic nanoparticles: From autoimmune disease control to the development of vaccines.Biomaterials advances · 2022Review
- Em14-3-3 delivered by PLGA and chitosan nanoparticles conferred improved protection in chicken against Eimeria maxima.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Oral administration of hepcidin and chitosan benefits growth, immunity, and gut microbiota in grass carp (Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Particle-based vaccine delivery systems are under exploration to enhance antigen-specific immunity against safe but poorly immunogenic polypeptide antigens. Chitosan is a promising biomaterial for antigen encapsulation and delivery due to its ability to form nano- and microparticles in mild aqueous conditions thus preserving the antigenicity of loaded polypeptides. In this study, the influence of chitosan encapsulation on antigen uptake, activation and presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is explored. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) were used as model protein antigens and encapsulated in chitosan particles via precipitation-coacervation at loading efficiencies >89%. Formulation conditions were manipulated to create antigen-encapsulated chitosan particles (AgCPs) with discrete nominal sizes (300 nm, 1 μm, and 3 μm). Uptake of AgCPs by dendritic cells and macrophages was found to be dependent on particle size, antigen concentration and exposure time. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that uptake of AgCPs enhanced upregulation of surface activation markers on APCs and increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lastly, antigen-specific T cells exhibited higher proliferative responses when stimulated with APCs activated with AgCPs versus soluble antigen. These data suggest that encapsulation of antigens in chitosan particles enhances uptake, activation and presentation by APCs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.