ArticleImmunity2013
Interferon-inducible cholesterol-25-hydroxylase broadly inhibits viral entry by production of 25-hydroxycholesterol.
Article in Immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 410 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
410 citing papers in PubMed, 672 citations in OpenAlex.
- A CRISPR activation screen identifies CH25H as a restriction factor against influenza viruses by targeting accessible cholesterol.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- scENature communications · 2026Article
- Bulk transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells delineates systems-level immune dysregulation in pediatric dengue infection.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Review
- Macrophage-derived oxysterols organize T helper 2 cells to suppress type 1 inflammation during pulmonary fungal infection.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Screening Reveals Inhibitors of Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Impaired cortical actin dynamics via lanosterol-dependent HMG-CoA reductase downregulation mediates IFN-α-induced mast cell stabilization.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Broad-acting antivirals: the pursuit of pan-viral therapeutics in the era of pandemics.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- ZFP36L2 is an interferon β -induced inhibitor that restricts the nuclear export of HIV-1 transcripts.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 25-Hydroxycholesterol Restricts Japanese Encephalitis Virus via Metabolic Suppression of the SREBP2-Mediated Signaling Axis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Remodeling of Metabolic and Secretory Organelles During Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Viral Infections.Viruses · 2026Review
- ApoE-Dependent Lipid Handling by Median Eminence Microglia Preserves Myelin Integrity and Metabolic Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism, viral infection, and antiviral immunity: a new host-pathogen interface.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Broad-spectrum host-targeting antivirals for rhinovirus infections: mechanisms and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Serum lipidome remodeling in viral pneumonia: from pathophysiology to therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Discovery of Cetaben as a Novel Antiviral Agent Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus From a Cholesterol-Lowering Compound Library.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Cross-omics mapping of the human HIV restrictome across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses.PloS one · 2026Article
- Peroxisomal ABCD1 deficiency in mice drives Th1 bias through 25-HC-LXR signaling in CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Advances in the immunosuppression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Machine learning-driven identification and experimental validation of key biomarkers in the bile acid metabolic pathway associated with ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
350 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are essential antiviral cytokines that establish the cellular antiviral state through upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), most of which have uncharacterized functions and mechanisms. We identified cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) as a broadly antiviral ISG. CH25H converts cholesterol to a soluble antiviral factor, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC treatment in cultured cells broadly inhibited growth of enveloped viruses including VSV, HSV, HIV, and MHV68 and acutely pathogenic EBOV, RVFV, RSSEV, and Nipah viruses under BSL4 conditions. It suppressed viral growth by blocking membrane fusion between virus and cell. In animal models, Ch25h-deficient mice were more susceptible to MHV68 lytic infection. Moreover, administration of 25HC in humanized mice suppressed HIV replication and reversed T cell depletion. Thus, our studies demonstrate a unique mechanism by which IFN achieves its antiviral state through the production of a natural oxysterol to inhibit viral entry and implicate membrane-modifying oxysterols as potential antiviral therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.