Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23273243›Full record

ArticleJournal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery2013

High-efficiency generation and delivery of aerosols through nasal cannula during noninvasive ventilation.

P Worth Longest, Ross L Walenga, Yoen-Ju Son, Michael Hindle

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Inhaled Chemotherapy.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Emerging trends in inhaled drug delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020
    Review
  12. Devices for Improved Delivery of Nebulized Pharmaceutical Aerosols to the Lungs.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2019
    Review
  13. Development of a High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Pharmaceutical Aerosol Combination Device.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2019
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Development of an Inline Dry Powder Inhaler That Requires Low Air Volume.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2018
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

P Worth Longest1 Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA 23284.
Ross L Walenga
Yoen-Ju Son
Michael Hindle

Funding

High Efficiency Aerosol Delivery using the Excipient Enhanced Growth Concept: A Human Proof of Concept StudyR01HL107333 · NHLBI · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI HINDLE, MICHAEL, LONGEST, P. WORTH · 2011 to 2020
$4.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107333
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated the delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols through nasal cannula and the feasibility of enhanced condensational growth (ECG) with a nasal interface. The objectives of this study were to develop a device for generating submicrometer aerosols with minimal depositional loss in the formation process and to improve aerosol delivery efficiencies through nasal cannulas.

methodsA combination of in vitro experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations that used the strengths of each method was applied. Aerosols were formed using a conventional mesh nebulizer, mixed with ventilation gas, and heated to produce submicrometer sizes. An improved version of the mixer and heater unit was developed based on CFD simulations, and performance was verified with experiments. Aerosol delivery was considered through a commercial large-bore adult cannula, a divided (D) design for use with ECG, and a divided and streamlined (DS) design.

resultsThe improved mixer design reduced the total deposition fraction (DF) of drug within the mixer by a factor of 3 compared with an initial version, had a total DF of approximately 10%, and produced submicrometer aerosols at flow rates of 10 and 15 L/min. Compared with the commercial and D designs for submicrometer aerosols, the DS cannula reduced depositional losses by a factor of 2-3 and retained only approximately 5% or less of the nebulized dose at all flow rates considered. For conventional-sized aerosols (3.9 and 4.7 μm), the DS device provided delivery efficiencies of approximately 80% and above at flow rates of 2-15 L/min.

conclusionsSubmicrometer aerosols can be formed using a conventional mesh nebulizer and delivered through a nasal cannula with total delivery efficiencies of 80-90%. Streamlining the nasal cannula significantly improved the delivery efficiency of both submicrometer and micrometer aerosols; however, use of submicrometer particles with ECG delivery resulted in overall lower depositional losses.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsNebulizers and VaporizersAdministration, IntranasalAerosolsComputer SimulationEquipment DesignHydrodynamicsParticle SizePharmaceutical PreparationsAerosolsPharmaceutical Preparations

Identifiers

PMID23273243
PMCPMC3826475

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.