ArticlePloS one2012
Lacrimal proline rich 4 (LPRR4) protein in the tear fluid is a potential biomarker of dry eye syndrome.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04198740 (Proteomic and Metabolomic Lacrimal Fingerprint in Diverse Pathologies of the Ocular Surface), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Lacrimal Fingerprint in Diverse Pathologies of the Ocular Surface
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Journal of advanced research · 2021Trial
- Differential effects of dry eye disorders on metabolomic profile by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.BioMed research international · 2014Trial
- Article
- A comprehensive review of tear fluid proteome alterations in dry eye disease: Insights into pathophysiology and biomarker potential.The ocular surface · 2026Review
- Recent advances in smart contact lenses.Biosensors & bioelectronics: X · 2026Article
- Combination Therapy with Trehalose and Hyaluronic Acid Restores Tear Lipid Layer Functionality by Ameliorating Inflammatory Response Protein Markers on the Ocular Surface of Dry Eye Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Precision in Tear Fluid Biomarker Discovery: Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Small-Volume, Individual Samples Using Capillary Tube Collection.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Tear-derived extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular and neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): An Overview of Biomarkers in Various Samples for Prediction, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- In vitro Assay to Examine the Function of Tears on Corneal Epithelial Cells.Bio-protocol · 2024Article
- What's the situation with ocular inflammation? A cross-seasonal investigation of proteomic changes in ocular allergy sufferers' tears in Victoria, Australia.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A Review on Microbial Species for Forensic Body Fluid Identification in Healthy and Diseased Humans.Current microbiology · 2023Review
- A Review on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Recent Progress, Diagnostics, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The roles of autophagy and mitophagy in corneal pathology: current knowledge and future perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Changes in Tear Proteomic Profile in Ocular Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Fast and Sensitive Quantification of AccQ-Tag Derivatized Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines by UHPLC-UV Analysis from Complex Biological Samples.Metabolites · 2022Article
- A Review of Emerging Tear Proteomics Research on the Ocular Surface in Ocular Allergy.Biology · 2022Review
- A Meta-Analysis of Wearable Contact Lenses for Medical Applications: Role of Electrospun Fiber for Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2022Review
- A Role forMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- Review of Biomarkers in Ocular Matrices: Challenges and Opportunities.Pharmaceutical research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a complex, multifactorial, immune-associated disorder of the tear and ocular surface. DES with a high prevalence world over needs identification of potential biomarkers so as to understand not only the disease mechanism but also to identify drug targets. In this study we looked for differentially expressed proteins in tear samples of DES to arrive at characteristic biomarkers. As part of a prospective case-control study, tear specimen were collected using Schirmer strips from 129 dry eye cases and 73 age matched controls. 2D electrophoresis (2DE) and Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was done to identify differentially expressed proteins. One of the differentially expressed protein in DES is lacrimal proline rich 4 protein (LPRR4). LPRR4 protein expression was quantified by enzyme immune sorbent assay (ELISA). LPRR4 was down regulated significantly in all types of dry eye cases, correlating with the disease severity as measured by clinical investigations. Further characterization of the protein is required to assess its therapeutic potential in DES.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.