ArticlePloS one2012
Respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with influenza-like illness during the h1n1 2009 pandemic in Sweden [corrected].
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory viral coinfection and disease severity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2016Pooled it
- Single and multiple respiratory virus infections and severity of respiratory disease: a systematic review.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Clinical disease severity of respiratory viral co-infection versus single viral infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Influenza A virus interferes with respiratory syncytial virus in mice and reconstituted human airway epithelium.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Differences in clinical severity of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Influenza interaction with cocirculating pathogens and its impact on surveillance, pathogenesis, and epidemic profile: A key role for mathematical modelling.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Molecular diagnosis of microbial copathogens with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Oaxaca, Mexico.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2018Article
- Assessment of Virus Interference in a Test-negative Study of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
- Rhinovirus species and clinical features in children hospitalised with pneumonia from Mozambique.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2016Article
- Viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Cameroon, 2011-2013.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
- Respiratory viruses in young South African children with acute lower respiratory infections and interactions with HIV.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2016Article
- Early occurrence of influenza A epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
- Single, dual and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of hospitalization and mortality.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- [Viral epidemiology and clinical severity during the peak of the influenza A(H1N1) variant epidemic in febrile respiratory diseases of children].Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie · 2014Article
- Viral detection profile in children with severe acute respiratory infection.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesObservational
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe swine-origin influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic of 2009 had a slower spread in Europe than expected. The human rhinovirus (HRV) has been suggested to have delayed the pandemic through viral interference. The importance of co-infections over time during the pandemic and in terms of severity of the disease needs to be assessed.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate respiratory viruses and specifically the presence of co-infections with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (H1N1) in hospitalized children during the H1N1 pandemic. A secondary aim was to investigate if co-infections were associated with severity of disease.
methodsA retrospective study was performed on 502 children with influenza-like illness admitted to inpatient care at a pediatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden during the 6 months spanning the H1N1 pandemic in 2009. Respiratory samples were analyzed for a panel of 16 viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
resultsOne or more viruses were detected in 61.6% of the samples. Of these, 85.4% were single infections and 14.6% co-infections (2-4 viruses). The number of co-infections increased throughout the study period. H1N1 was found in 83 (16.5%) children and of these 12 (14.5%) were co-infections. HRV and H1N1 circulated to a large extent at the same time and 6.0% of the H1N1-positive children were also positive for HRV. There was no correlation between co-infections and severity of disease in children with H1N1.
conclusionsViral co-infections were relatively common in H1N1 infected hospitalized children and need to be considered when estimating morbidity attributed to H1N1. Population-based longitudinal studies with repeated sampling are needed to improve the understanding of the importance of co-infections and viral interference.
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