ArticleJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2013
Atropine microdialysis within or near the pre-Botzinger Complex increases breathing frequency more during wakefulness than during NREM sleep.
Article in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- L-Cysteine Ethyl Ester May Overcome Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression by Activating Muscarinic Receptors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cholinergic modulation of upper airway control: maturational changes and mechanisms at cellular and synaptic levels.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Renal nerves and leukocyte infiltration in the kidney during salt-sensitive hypertension.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2019Article
- Increased central cholinergic drive contributes to the apneas of serotonin-deficient rat pups during active sleep.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2019Article
- Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).Neurology · 2019Article
- Julius H. Comroe Distinguished Lecture: Interdependence of neuromodulators in the control of breathing.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2018Review
- Severe peri-ictal respiratory dysfunction is common in Dravet syndrome.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Article
- Ventilation and neurochemical changes during µ-opioid receptor activation or blockade of excitatory receptors in the hypoglossal motor nucleus of goats.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2017Article
- Effects on breathing of agonists to μ-opioid or GABARespiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2017Article
- State-dependent and -independent effects of dialyzing excitatory neuromodulator receptor antagonists into the ventral respiratory column.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2017Article
- Developmental nicotine exposure alters cholinergic control of respiratory frequency in neonatal rats.Developmental neurobiology · 2016Article
- Combined unilateral blockade of cholinergic, peptidergic, and serotonergic receptors in the ventral respiratory column does not affect breathing in awake or sleeping goats.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2015Article
- Blockade of neurokinin-1 receptors in the ventral respiratory column does not affect breathing but alters neurochemical release.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2015Article
- Evidence for respiratory neuromodulator interdependence after cholinergic disruption in the ventral respiratory column.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2015Article
- Changes in glutamate receptor subunits within the medulla in goats after section of the carotid sinus nerves.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2014Article
- Changes in neurochemicals within the ventrolateral medullary respiratory column in awake goats after carotid body denervation.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Normal activity of neurons within the medullary ventral respiratory column (VRC) in or near the pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC) is dependent on the balance of inhibitory and excitatory neuromodulators acting at their respective receptors. The role of cholinergic neuromodulation during awake and sleep states is unknown. Accordingly, our objective herein was to test the hypotheses that attenuation of cholinergic modulation of VRC/preBötC neurons in vivo with atropine would: 1) decrease breathing frequency more while awake than during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and 2) increase other excitatory neuromodulators. To test these hypotheses, we unilaterally dialyzed mock cerebrospinal fluid (mCSF) or 50 mM atropine in mCSF in or near the preBötC region of adult goats during the awake (n = 9) and NREM sleep (n = 7) states. Breathing was monitored, and effluent dialysate was collected for analysis of multiple neurochemicals. Compared with dialysis of mCSF alone, atropine increased (P < 0.05) breathing frequency while awake during the day [+10 breaths (br)/min] and at night (+9 br/min) and, to a lesser extent, during NREM sleep (+5 br/min). Atropine increased (P < 0.05) effluent concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), and glycine during the day and at night. When atropine was dialyzed in one preBötC and mCSF in the contralateral preBötC, 5-HT and SP increased only at the site of atropine dialysis. We conclude: 1) attenuation of a single neuromodulator results in local changes in other neuromodulators that affect ventilatory control, 2) effects of perturbations of cholinergic neuromodulation on breathing are state-dependent, and 3) interpretation of perturbations in vivo requires consideration of direct and indirect effects.
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