ArticleEmerging themes in epidemiology2012
A tutorial in estimating the prevalence of disease in humans and animals in the absence of a gold standard diagnostic.
Article in Emerging themes in epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence and epidemiological dynamics of bovine ephemeral fever: a misclassification-adjusted bayesian meta-analysis.BMC veterinary research · 2026Pooled it
- Potential for Bias in Prevalence Estimates when Not Accounting for Test Sensitivity and Specificity: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Seroprevalence Studies.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence estimates of major depressive disorder in 27 European countries from the European Health Interview Survey: accounting for imperfect diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8.BMJ mental health · 2023Pooled it
- Biogeographical characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni endemic areas in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- Sensitivity of ID NOW and RT-PCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an ambulatory population.eLife · 2021Pooled it
- A cost-outcome assessment of dog deworming for echinococcosis control in the Xizang Autonomous Region, China, 2016-2022.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of canine distemper in free-roaming dogs in buffer zone of Bardiya National Park, Nepal.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Advances in ELISA-based detection of equine leptospirosis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of metagenomic sequencing and qPCR for detection of viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease estimated using Bayesian latent class models.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Novel Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay Is Sensitive for Detection of Macrolide Resistance Genes Relevant to Bovine Respiratory Disease Management in Feedlot Calves.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Diagnostic Performance of Long-Read Metagenomic Sequencing Compared to Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Detection of Bovine Respiratory Bacteria and Indicators of Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Randomised Badger Culling Trial-no effects of widespread badger culling on tuberculosis in cattle: comment on Mills, Woodroffe and Donnelly (2024a, 2024b).Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Is there a mental health diagnostic crisis in primary care? Current research practices in global mental health cannot answer that question.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Randomised Badger Culling Trial lacks evidence for proactive badger culling effect on tuberculosis in cattle: comment on Mills et al. 2024, Parts I & II.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Determination of the Diagnostic Performance of Laboratory Tests in the Absence of a Perfect Reference Standard: The Case of SARS-CoV-2 Tests.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika at the epicenter of the congenital microcephaly epidemic in Northeast Brazil: A population-based survey.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- The Pampa del Indio project: District-wide quasi-elimination of Triatoma infestans after a 9-year intervention program in the Argentine Chaco.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- COVID-19 in Switzerland real-time epidemiological analyses powered by EpiGraphHub.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Analytical performance of Raman spectroscopy in assaying biochemical components in human serum.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
: Epidemiological methods for estimating disease prevalence in humans and other animals in the absence of a gold standard diagnostic test are well established. Despite this, reporting apparent prevalence is still standard practice in public health studies and disease control programmes, even though apparent prevalence may differ greatly from the true prevalence of disease. Methods for estimating true prevalence are summarized and reviewed. A computing appendix is also provided which contains a brief guide in how to easily implement some of the methods presented using freely available software.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.