SynthesisNeurology2013
Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical efficacy of exercise therapy for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome- an overview of systematic reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Glucocorticoid treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The association between body fat and musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of Prednisolone on Clinical and Cytokine mRNA Profiling in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2024Trial
- Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on the inflammatory response of patients undergoing craniotomy.BMC anesthesiology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Antiinflammatory effect of sevoflurane in open lung surgery with one-lung ventilation.Croatian medical journal · 2014Trial
- A Higher Burden of Abnormal Antioxidant-, Nutritional-, and Inflammation-Related Biomarkers Is Associated with Shoulder-Hand Syndrome, Hand Edema, and Short-Term Upper-Limb Outcomes During Stroke Rehabilitation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Functional Recovery in Refractory Lower-Limb Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Following KAFO-Assisted Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Circulating Piezo 1 Levels in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 and Their Association with Time from Neridronate Treatment.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Psychedelic Therapies for Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder and Chronic Pain: A Review of Putative Mechanisms of Action.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Review
- Preventive Effects of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in a Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Pregabalin Therapy in Adults with Type I Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Series.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- The Second Hit Hypothesis in Animal and Human Dystonia: The Role of Peripheral Nerve Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Review
- Intact endogenous pain inhibition in complex regional pain syndrome type 1.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Ion Channels and G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Involved in the Development of Chronic Post-ischemic Pain (CPIP): A Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS-I).Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Criteria and Technical Evaluation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe conducted a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to determine whether complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with a specific inflammatory profile and whether this is dependent on the duration of the condition.
methodsComprehensive searches of the literature using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists from published reviews identified articles that measured inflammatory factors in CRPS. Two independent investigators screened titles and abstracts, and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments. Studies were subgrouped by medium (blood, blister fluid, and CSF) and duration (acute and chronic CRPS). Where possible, meta-analyses of inflammatory factor concentrations were performed and pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models.
resultsTwenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and 15 in the meta-analysis. In acute CRPS, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I (sTNF-RI) and II (sTNF-RII) were significantly increased in blood. In chronic CRPS, significant increases were found in 1) TNFα, bradykinin, sIL-1RI, IL-1Ra, IL-2, sIL-2Ra, IL-4, IL-7, interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products) in blood; 2) IL-1Ra, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IL-6 in blister fluid; and 3) IL-1β and IL-6 in CSF. Chronic CRPS was also associated with significantly decreased 1) substance P, sE-selectin, sL-selectin, sP-selectin, and sGP130 in blood; and 2) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in CSF. Most studies failed to meet 3 or more of our quality criteria.
conclusionCRPS is associated with the presence of a proinflammatory state in the blood, blister fluid, and CSF. Different inflammatory profiles were found for acute and chronic cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.