ReviewAutoimmunity reviews2013
Infectome: a platform to trace infectious triggers of autoimmunity.
Review in Autoimmunity reviews, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- A total infectome framework for resolving complex disease etiology in aquaculture.Advanced biotechnology · 2026Article
- Breaking the culture habit: Complementing culture-based veterinary diagnostics with metagenomic data -A case study of feline and canine skin infections.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- The infectome framework: linking polymicrobial ecology and biofilm dynamics to precision diagnostic approaches.Infection · 2026Review
- Shared interactions of six neurotropic viruses with 38 human proteins: a computational and literature-based exploration of viral interactions and hijacking of human proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with myasthenia gravis: a retrospective study in a Chinese population.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The Role of Microorganisms in the Etiopathogenesis of Demyelinating Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fly Me to the Immune: Immunonutrition in Rheumatic Diseases.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2023Article
- New insights into pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.International urology and nephrology · 2022Review
- The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases II: Pathogens.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- Dysautonomia Following Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap): The First Case of Extreme Cachexia Caused by Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA Syndrome) in a Human.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- NKT and NKT-like Cells in Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Diseases-Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- COVID-19 infection and rheumatoid arthritis: mutual outburst cytokines and remedies.Current medical research and opinion · 2021Review
- COVID-19 infection and rheumatoid arthritis: Faraway, so close!Autoimmunity reviews · 2020Review
- Gut microbiota and nutrient interactions with skin in psoriasis: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Review
- Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Light of Modern Environmental Research: A Tautological Approach.International journal of environmental research · 2020Review
- Triggers of Inflammatory Heart Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Hydroxychloroquine Improves Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "exposome" is a term recently used to describe all environmental factors, both exogenous and endogenous, which we are exposed to in a lifetime. It represents an important tool in the study of autoimmunity, complementing classical immunological research tools and cutting-edge genome wide association studies (GWAS). Recently, environmental wide association studies (EWAS) investigated the effect of environment in the development of diseases. Environmental triggers are largely subdivided into infectious and non-infectious agents. In this review, we introduce the concept of the "infectome", which is the part of the exposome referring to the collection of an individual's exposures to infectious agents. The infectome directly relates to geoepidemiological, serological and molecular evidence of the co-occurrence of several infectious agents associated with autoimmune diseases that may provide hints for the triggering factors responsible for the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. We discuss the implications that the investigation of the infectome may have for the understanding of microbial/host interactions in autoimmune diseases with long, pre-clinical phases. It may also contribute to the concept of the human body as a superorganism where the microbiome is part of the whole organism, as can be seen with mitochondria which existed as microbes prior to becoming organelles in eukaryotic cells of multicellular organisms over time. A similar argument can now be made in regard to normal intestinal flora, living in symbiosis within the host. We also provide practical examples as to how we can characterise and measure the totality of a disease-specific infectome, based on the experimental approaches employed from the "immunome" and "microbiome" projects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.