Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23264288›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes care2013

Inflammatory markers and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xia Wang, Wei Bao, Jun Liu, Ying-Ying Ouyang, Di Wang, Shuang Rong, Xiao Xiao, Zhi-Lei Shan, Yan Zhang, Ping Yao and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 431 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
431citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
18.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

431 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 829 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Increased Circulating Interleukin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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  8. Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022
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371 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xia WangDepartment of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Wei Bao
Jun Liu
Ying-Ying Ouyang
Di Wang
Shuang Rong
Xiao Xiao
Zhi-Lei Shan
Yan Zhang
Ping Yao
Lie-Gang Liu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology · CNShandong University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThere has been growing evidence that inflammatory markers play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to systematically review prospective studies on the associations of elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increased risk of type 2 diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsA systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library databases up until 10 February 2012 was conducted to retrieve prospective studies matched to search terms. We used generalized least-squares trend estimation to assess dose-response relationships. The summary risk estimates were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models to incorporate between-study variation.

resultsThe meta-analysis, including 10 prospective studies, with a total of 19,709 participants and 4,480 cases, detected a significant dose-response association of IL-6 levels with type 2 diabetes risk (relative risk [RR] 1.31 [95% CI 1.17-1.46]). For CRP, the meta-analysis involving 22 cohorts, with a total of 40,735 participants and 5,753 cases, showed that elevated CRP levels were significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (1.26 [1.16-1.37]), with the absence of publication bias. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses further supported the associations.

conclusionsThis meta-analysis provides further evidence that elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP are significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

BiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansInterleukin-6Risk FactorsBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinInterleukin-6

Identifiers

PMID23264288
PMCPMC3526249
OpenAlexW2136759091

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.