Trial reportInfant behavior & development2013
The paradox of prematurity: the behavioral vulnerability of late preterm infants and the cognitive susceptibility of very preterm infants at 36 months post-term.
Trial report in Infant behavior & development, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring the Links between the Quality of Early Mother-Infant Interactions and Child Physiological, Behavioural, and Developmental Outcomes. Do we Understand their Complexity?Journal of mother and child · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of tactile and/or kinesthetic stimulation therapy of preterm infants on their parents' anxiety and depressive symptoms: A systematic review.BMC psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Parenting style impacts cognitive and behavioural outcomes of former preterm infants: A systematic review.Child: care, health and development · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- FIRST STEPS: A Pilot Randomized Study Analyzing the Preliminary Efficacy of the Incredible Years for Autism Spectrum and Language Delays (IY-ASLDJournal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Its Developmental Vulnerability Among Infants in Nepal: A Critical Review of the Literature and Future Recommendations.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Review
- Understanding the experience of the mothers' ability to take care of their preterm infants related to in-hospital and post-discharge: a qualitative content analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Interactive roles of preterm-birth and socioeconomic status in cortical thickness of language-related brain structures: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2024Article
- Long-Term Maternal Mental Health after Spontaneous Preterm Birth.American journal of perinatology · 2024Observational
- Factors affecting parental role adaptation in parents of preterm infants after discharge: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Gestational Age in Autistic Children and Adolescents: Prevalence and Effects on Autism Phenotype.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Parent mental health and child behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.Children and youth services review · 2023Article
- A Comparison of the Clinical Presentation of Preterm Birth and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Commonalities and Distinctions in Children Under 3.Clinics in perinatology · 2023Review
- The Role of Family Function and Triadic Interaction on Preterm Child Development-A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the InterRAI Early Years for Degree of Preterm Birth and Gross Motor Delay.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Article
- Music Therapy with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-Discharged Mother-Infant Dyads: Developing a Method for Nurturing Communicative Parental Efficacy (CoPE with Music).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm very low birth weight infants admitted to an Italian tertiary center over an 11-year period.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Spatial Thinking in Term and Preterm-Born Preschoolers: Relations to Parent-Child Speech and Gesture.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Preterm Birth and Maternal Mental Health: Longitudinal Trajectories and Predictors.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We explored associations among preterm status (very preterm infant (VPI: <30 weeks), moderate preterm (MPI: 30-33(6/7) weeks), late preterm (LPI: 34-36(6/7) weeks), parenting, and 3-year cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We hypothesized that LPIs would demonstrate better health and neurobehavioral outcomes compared with more premature infants, and that preterm status would moderate the association between parenting quality and 3-year outcomes. Sample included 123 preterm infants (gestation <37 weeks) and their mothers from a larger study of high-risk infants with measures of neonatal and socioeconomic risks at hospital discharge; maternal vocabulary at 9-months, child IQ and behavior at 36 months, and maternal depressive symptoms and parenting at all timepoints. Group differences were explored using MANOVAs while predictors of child outcomes were explored using hierarchical regression analyses. MANOVAs indicated that LPIs had more optimal neonatal health during the hospital stay, yet more externalizing (p=.043), aggressive (p=.006) and oppositional behaviors (p=.008) at 3 years compared with VPIs. There were no IQ differences between VPIs, MPIs and LPIs. However, preterm infants who experienced less negative parenting had higher IQs at 36 months (β=-3.245, p=.017), with the greatest effects seen in VPIs (β=0.406, p=.01) compared with LPIs (β=0.148, p=.381). LPIs manifested similar IQ, but more externalizing, oppositional and aggressive behavior symptoms compared to VPIs. VPIs appeared to be differentially susceptible to parenting effects, with VPIs demonstrating the highest cognitive scores in the context of more positive parenting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.