Trial reportAIDS research and human retroviruses2013
Augmentation of hepatitis B virus-specific cellular immunity with programmed death receptor-1/programmed death receptor-L1 blockade in hepatitis B virus and HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients treated with adefovir.
Trial report in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune escape mechanisms and therapeutic advances in virus-associated hematological malignancies.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Host-Directed Antiviral Therapy.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Immunotherapy Employed in Treating Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Literature Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- HBV and HIV/HBV Infected Patients Have Distinct Immune Exhaustion and Apoptotic Serum Biomarker Profiles.Pathogens & immunity · 2019Article
- New directions in hepatitis B therapy research.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2017Review
- New Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents and Immunomodulators for Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2017Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma and HIV Infection.The open AIDS journal · 2017Review
- Treatment of hepatitis B virus: an update.Future microbiology · 2016Review
- Subset- and Antigen-Specific Effects of Treg on CD8+ T Cell Responses in Chronic HIV Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Converting monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapies from passive to active: bringing immune complexes into play.Emerging microbes & infections · 2016Review
- Eradication Strategies for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease: An update.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2015Article
- Antiviral Monoclonal Antibodies: Can They Be More Than Simple Neutralizing Agents?Trends in microbiology · 2015Review
- Hepatic compartmentalization of exhausted and regulatory cells in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2015Article
- Article
- HIV and co-infections.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- Management of the Hepatitis B Virus/HIV-Coinfected Patient.Topics in antiviral medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The immunological parameters leading to viral persistence in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are not clearly established. We analyzed HBV-specific immunoregulatory mechanisms in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected HBeAg(+) CHB patients to determine (1) the roles of immunoregulatory pathways, (2) the effect of anti-HBV therapy on immunoregulatory pathways, and (3) the role of immunomodulatory therapy to overcome the effect of T regulatory cells (Tregs, CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)) in HBV-infected individuals. A prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial treated HBV (HIV(+/-))-infected patients with adefovir 10 mg daily or placebo for 48 weeks. HBV viral load (VL), immunophenotying, and functional studies were performed at multiple time points. Suppression of HBV VL with adefovir leads to decreased peripheral expansion of Tregs. While declining, Tregs significantly inhibit cytokine-secreting HBV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses over 48 weeks of anti-HBV adefovir therapy (p<0.05). A large proportion of these Tregs express programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), blockade of which in vitro leads to improved cytokine-secreting HBV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, particularly in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients (p<0.05). Peripheral expansion of Treg levels correlated with HBV viral load and decreased HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells. PD-1 blockade increased survival of HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells, removing the inhibitory effect of PD-1(+) peripheral Tregs. Hence therapies involving PD-1 blockade in combination with directly acting antivirals should be investigated to reduce the need for life-long directly acting antiviral therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.