ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2012
Essential oil inhalation on blood pressure and salivary cortisol levels in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of aromatherapy interventions on psychological, physiological and academic outcomes in nursing and health sciences students: a meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal essential oils in therapy: advances in clinical applications and delivery mechanisms.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Review
- A Status Review on Health-Promoting Properties and Global Regulation of Essential Oils.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Saliva Cortisol and Amylase Levels Related with Stress Response Compared by Different Analytical Methods.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Linalool as a Therapeutic and Medicinal Tool in Depression Treatment: A Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Non-contact neuromodulation of the human autonomic nervous system functionFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Role of Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates, Including Carbapenem-ResistantOpen forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- KCNQ5 activation is a unifying molecular mechanism shared by genetically and culturally diverse botanical hypotensive folk medicines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- The effect of aromatherapy on mental, physical symptoms, and social functions of females with premenstrual syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- Biological Activities and Safety ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Saliva-based biosensors: noninvasive monitoring tool for clinical diagnostics.BioMed research international · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of essential oil inhalation on the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and salivary cortisol level in 83 prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects. The experimental group (n = 28) was asked to inhale an essential oil blended with lavender, ylang-ylang, marjoram, and neroli (20 : 15 : 10 : 2), whereas the placebo group (n = 27) was asked to inhale an artificial fragrance for 24 hours and the control group received no treatment (n = 28). The SBP (P < .001) and DBP (P = .009) measured at home in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared with the placebo group and the control group after treatment. The daytime SBP during the 24-hour ambulatory BP measurement of the experimental group presented with significant decreases in comparison with the measurements of the placebo group and the control group (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the nighttime SBPs. The daytime DBPs during the 24-hour ambulatory BP measurements of the experimental group presented with significant decreases in comparison with the measurements of the placebo group and the control group (P = .002). There was no significant difference in the night time DBPs. The experimental group showed significant decreases in the concentration of salivary cortisol in comparison with the concentrations of the placebo group and the control group (P = .012). In conclusion, the inhalation of an essential oil had immediate and continuous effects on the home SBP, daytime BP, and the stress reduction. Essential oils may have relaxation effects for controlling hypertension.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.