ArticleBritish journal of cancer2013
Immunohistochemical markers of the hypoxic response can identify malignancy in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas and optimize the detection of tumours with VHL germline mutations.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monitoring Response to Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma UsingJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Double faces of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-a review of integrated pathologic diagnosis.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- [A Family case of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome].Problemy endokrinologii · 2025Article
- Metabolic Effects of Succinate Dehydrogenase Loss in Cancer.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological and genomic analysis of pediatric pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma.Endocrine journal · 2025Article
- Identification of Predictors of Metastatic Potential in Paragangliomas to Develop a Prognostic Score (PSPGL).Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Predictive value of serum HIF-1α/HIF-2α and YKL-40 levels for vascular invasion and prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Tumour microenvironment in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Familial Tumor Syndromes.Head and neck pathology · 2022Review
- Review
- The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression - metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- Trans-arterial chemoembolization as a loco-regional inducer of immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Hypoxia and the phenomenon of immune exclusion.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Germline mutations in the new E1' cryptic exon of theJournal of medical genetics · 2020Article
- SDHB and SDHA Immunohistochemistry in Canine Pheochromocytomas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: recent updates in genetics, biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, metabolomics, imaging and therapeutic options.Gland surgery · 2020Review
- Next Generation Imaging Techniques to Define Immune Topographies in Solid Tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Carbonic anhydrase 9 immunohistochemistry as a tool to predict or validate germline and somatic VHL mutations in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-a retrospective and prospective study.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2020Article
- The Diagnosis and Clinical Significance of Paragangliomas in Unusual Locations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are no reliable markers of malignancy in phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL). We investigated the relevance of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AKT and hypoxic pathways as novel immunohistochemical markers of malignancy.
methodsTissue microarray blocks were constructed with a total of 100 tumours (10 metastatic) and 20 normal adrenomedullary samples. Sections were immunostained for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), mTOR, carbonic anhydrase IX (CaIX) and AKT. The predictive performance of these markers was studied using univariate, multivariate and receiver operating characteristic analyses.
resultsIn all, 100 consecutive patients, 64% PCC, 29% familial with a median tumour size of 4.7 cm (range 1-14) were included. Univariate analyses showed Hif-1α overexpression, tumour necrosis, size >5 cm, capsular and vascular invasion to be predictors of metastasis. In multivariate analysis, Hif-1α, necrosis and vascular invasion remained as independent predictors of metastasis. Hif-1α was the most discriminatory biomarker for the presence of metastatic diffusion. Strong membranous CaIX expression was seen in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) PCC as opposed to other subtypes.
conclusionLack of vascular invasion, tumour necrosis and low Hif-1α expression identify tumours with lower risk of malignancy. We propose membranous CaIX expression as a potential marker for VHL disease in patients presenting with PCC.
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