ReviewThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2013
Combination implementation for HIV prevention: moving from clinical trial evidence to population-level effects.
Review in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review of Network Models for HIV Spread.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Examining the effect of universal testing and treatment strategies for HIV prevention in Zambia and South Africa: generalizing the results of the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Novel community health worker strategy for HIV service engagement in a hyperendemic community in Rakai, Uganda: A pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Acceptability, safety, and patterns of use of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South African adolescents: an open-label single-arm phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2020Trial
- Willingness to use HIV prevention methods among vaccine efficacy trial participants in Soweto, South Africa: discretion is important.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- Effect of Universal Testing and Treatment on HIV Incidence - HPTN 071 (PopART).The New England journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of the 'One4All' HIV Linkage Intervention in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Effectiveness of peer support on care engagement and preventive care intervention utilization among pre-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected adults in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized trial.AIDS and behavior · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Can combination prevention strategies reduce HIV transmission in generalized epidemic settings in Africa? The HPTN 071 (PopART) study plan in South Africa and Zambia.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Establish a PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) Epidemiology, Modeling, and Surveillance (PREMISE) System to Analyze Trends in PrEP Uptake and the Impact of PrEP Programs and Policies: Protocol for a Natural Experiment and Modeling Study in the United States.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Integrating a Combination HIV Prevention Intervention Into a Widely Used Geosocial App for Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pilot and Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Combination HIV Prevention Strategies in the Lisbon Cohort of Men who Have Sex with Men: A Longitudinal Cluster Analysis of Data from 2014 to 2021.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Leveraging virtual reality to improve medication adherence among marginalized populations with high-risk chronic health conditions: Proof-of-concept protocol, considerations, and next steps.Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Fostering citizen-engaged HIV implementation science.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Understanding the Acceptability of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Prevention Among At-Risk Populations and Feasibility Considerations for Product Introduction in India: Protocol for a Qualitative Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Article
- Prescription of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in emergency care units and return for follow-up appointments in specialized services in Salvador, Brazil, 2018: a cross-sectional study.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The promise of combination HIV prevention-the application of multiple HIV prevention interventions to maximise population-level effects-has never been greater. However, to succeed in achieving significant reductions in HIV incidence, an additional concept needs to be considered: combination implementation. Combination implementation for HIV prevention is the pragmatic, localised application of evidence-based strategies to enable high sustained uptake and quality of interventions for prevention of HIV. In this Review, we explore diverse implementation strategies including HIV testing and counselling models, task shifting, linkage to and retention in care, antiretroviral therapy support, behaviour change, demand creation, and structural interventions, and discusses how they could be used to complement HIV prevention efforts such as medical male circumcision and treatment as prevention. HIV prevention and treatment have arrived at a pivotal moment when combination efforts might result in substantial enough population-level effects to reverse the epidemic and drive towards elimination of HIV. Only through careful consideration of how to implement and operationalise HIV prevention interventions will the HIV community be able to move from clinical trial evidence to population-level effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.