ArticleBMC infectious diseases2012
Association between early bacterial carriage and otitis media in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in a semi-arid area of Western Australia: a cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The social determinants of otitis media in aboriginal children in Australia: are we addressing the primary causes? A systematic content review.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evidence of maternal transfer of antigen-specific antibodies in serum and breast milk to infants at high-risk ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Article
- Exploiting haem-iron dependence of nontypeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Ear microbiota and middle ear disease: a longitudinal pilot study of Aboriginal children in a remote south Australian setting.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Australian Aboriginal Otitis-Prone Children Produce High-Quality Serum IgG to Putative NontypeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The upper respiratory tract microbiome of indigenous Orang Asli in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
- The Contribution of Geogenic Particulate Matter to Lung Disease in Indigenous Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Limited impact of neonatal or early infant schedules of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage ofVaccine reports · 2016Article
- Otitis media.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2016Review
- Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2014Review
- Diversity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strains colonizing Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc), nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) are the most important bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (OM). Previous studies have suggested that early upper respiratory tract (URT) bacterial carriage may increase risk of subsequent OM. We investigated associations between early onset of URT bacterial carriage and subsequent diagnosis of OM in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in the Kalgoorlie-Boulder region located in a semi-arid zone of Western Australia.
methodsAboriginal and non-Aboriginal children who had nasopharyngeal aspirates collected at age 1- < 3 months and at least one clinical examination for OM by an ear, nose and throat specialist before age 2 years were included in this analysis. Tympanometry to detect middle ear effusion was also performed at 2- to 6-monthly scheduled field visits from age 3 months. Multivariate regression models were used to investigate the relationship between early carriage and subsequent diagnosis of OM controlling for environmental factors.
resultsCarriage rates of Pnc, NTHi and Mcat at age 1- < 3 months were 45%, 29% and 48%, respectively, in 66 Aboriginal children and 14%, 5% and 18% in 146 non-Aboriginal children. OM was diagnosed at least once in 71% of Aboriginal children and 43% of non-Aboriginal children. After controlling for age, sex, presence of other bacteria and environmental factors, early nasopharyngeal carriage of NTHi increased the risk of subsequent OM (odds ratio = 3.70, 95% CI 1.22-11.23) in Aboriginal children, while Mcat increased the risk of OM in non-Aboriginal children (odds ratio = 2.63, 95% CI 1.32-5.23). Early carriage of Pnc was not associated with increased risk of OM.
conclusionEarly NTHi carriage in Aboriginal children and Mcat in non-Aboriginal children is associated with increased risk of OM independent of environmental factors. In addition to addressing environmental risk factors for carriage such as overcrowding and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, early administration of pneumococcal-Haemophilus influenzae D protein conjugate vaccine to reduce bacterial carriage in infants, may be beneficial for Aboriginal children; such an approach is currently being evaluated in Australia.
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