ArticleRetrovirology2012
APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F rarely co-mutate the same HIV genome.
Article in Retrovirology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deconvolution of HIV-1 Mutational Signatures Reveals Dominant and Donor-Specific APOBEC3-Associated Mutagenesis Across Anatomical Compartments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic motifs distinguishing endogenous from exogenous retroviral integrants.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Immune correlates of HIV-1 reservoir cell decline in early-treated infants.Cell reports · 2022Article
- The low abundance of CpG in the SARS-CoV-2 genome is not an evolutionarily signature of ZAP.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Signatures of immune selection in intact and defective proviruses distinguish HIV-1 elite controllers.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- The Role of APOBECs in Viral Replication.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Identification and characterization of loop7 motif and its role in regulating biological function of human APOBEC3G through molecular modeling and biological assay.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2017Article
- Mechanism of Enhanced HIV Restriction by Virion Coencapsidated Cytidine Deaminases APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- APOBEC3 proteins can copackage and comutate HIV-1 genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- APOBECs and virus restriction.Virology · 2015Review
- Possible footprints of APOBEC3F and/or other APOBEC3 deaminases, but not APOBEC3G, on HIV-1 from patients with acute/early and chronic infections.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- APOBEC3D and APOBEC3F potently promote HIV-1 diversification and evolution in humanized mouse model.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- A novel Bayesian method for detection of APOBEC3-mediated hypermutation and its application to zoonotic transmission of simian foamy viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2014Article
- Insights into the motif preference of APOBEC3 enzymes.PloS one · 2014Article
- Footprint of APOBEC3 on the genome of human retroelements.Journal of virology · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe human immune proteins APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F (hA3G and hA3F) induce destructive G-to-A changes in the HIV genome, referred to as 'hypermutation'. These two proteins co-express in human cells, co-localize to mRNA processing bodies and might co-package into HIV virions. Therefore they are expected to also co-mutate the HIV genome. Here we investigate the mutational footprints of hA3G and hA3F in a large population of full genome HIV-1 sequences from naturally infected patients to uniquely identify sequences hypermutated by either or both of these proteins. We develop a method of identification based on the representation of hA3G and hA3F target and product motifs that does not require an alignment to a parental/consensus sequence.
resultsOut of nearly 100 hypermutated HIV-1 sequences only one sequence from the HIV-1 outlier group showed clear signatures of co-mutation by both proteins. The remaining sequences were affected by either hA3G or hA3F.
conclusionUsing a novel method of identification of HIV sequences hypermutated by the hA3G and hA3F enzymes, we report a very low rate of co-mutation of full-length HIV sequences, and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying this.
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