ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2013
Does core area theory apply to sexually transmitted diseases in rural environments?
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distribution of reported syphilis cases in South China: spatiotemporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Associations between socio-demographics, sexual knowledge and behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among reproductive-age women in Southeast Asia: Demographic Health Survey results.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Etiology of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) within meme division in Cameroon: seroprevalence and factors associated with transmission.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mapping gentrification, segregation, rental cost burden and sexually transmitted infections in Atlanta, Georgia, 2005-2018.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Diverging Neisseria gonorrhoeae Morbidity in Non-Hispanic Black and White Females: Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling to Trends in County-Level Morbidity 2003-2018.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- Progression of a large syphilis outbreak in rural North Carolina through space and time: Application of a Bayesian Maximum Entropy graphical user interface.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Spatial Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors of Syphilis in Ningxia, Northwest China, from 2004 to 2017: A Spatial Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Social Geography of Partner Selection in Toronto, Canada: A Qualitative Description of "Convection Mixing".Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Proximity to Screening Site, Rurality, and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Treatment Status among Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Yakima County, Washington.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Spatial clusters of gonorrhoea in England with particular reference to the outcome of partner notification: 2012 and 2013.PloS one · 2018Article
- Influence of Detection Method and Study Area Scale on Syphilis Cluster Identification in North Carolina.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2016Article
- Spatial distribution and cluster analysis of retail drug shop characteristics and antimalarial behaviors as reported by private medicine retailers in western Kenya: informing future interventions.International journal of health geographics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOur objective was to determine the extent to which geographical core areas for gonorrhea and syphilis are located in rural areas as compared with urban areas.
methodsIncident gonorrhea (January 1, 2005-December 31, 2010) and syphilis (January 1, 1999-December 31, 2010) rates were estimated and mapped by census tract and quarter. Rurality was measured using percent rural and rural-urban commuting area (rural, small town, micropolitan, or urban). SaTScan was used to identify spatiotemporal clusters of significantly elevated rates of infection. Clusters lasting 5 years or longer were considered core areas; clusters of shorter duration were considered outbreaks. Clusters were overlaid on maps of rurality and qualitatively assessed for correlation.
resultsTwenty gonorrhea core areas were identified: 65% were in urban centers, 25% were in micropolitan areas, and the remaining 10% were geographically large capturing combinations of urban, micropolitan, small town, and rural environments. Ten syphilis core areas were identified with 80% in urban centers and 20% capturing 2 or more rural-urban commuting areas. All 10 (100%) of the syphilis core areas overlapped with gonorrhea core areas.
conclusionsGonorrhea and syphilis rates were high for rural parts of North Carolina; however, no core areas were identified exclusively for small towns or rural areas. The main pathway of rural sexually transmitted disease (STI) transmission may be through the interconnectedness of urban, micropolitan, small town, and rural areas. Directly addressing STIs in urban and micropolitan communities may also indirectly help address STI rates in rural and small town communities.
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