ArticleeLife2012
Population structuring of multi-copy, antigen-encoding genes in Plasmodium falciparum.
Article in eLife, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population genomics of virulence genes of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from Uganda.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Mortality Records Guide UAV-Based Assessment of Power-Line Conspicuity at a Black-Necked Crane Breeding Site.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Negative Frequency-Dependent Selection Promotes Strain Structure in a Plant Pathogen.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Var genes, strain hyperdiversity, and malaria transmission dynamics.Trends in parasitology · 2025Review
- An immune memory-structured SIS epidemiological model for hyperdiverse pathogens.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- CaCOJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- An antigenic diversification threshold for falciparum malaria transmission at high endemicity.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Frequency-Dependent Competition Between Strains Imparts Persistence to Perturbations in a Model ofFrontiers in ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- The network structure and eco-evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR-induced immune diversification.Nature ecology & evolution · 2020Article
- Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Competition for hosts modulates vast antigenic diversity to generate persistent strain structure in Plasmodium falciparum.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Multiscale Immune Selection and the Transmission-Diversity Feedback in Antigenically Diverse Pathogen Systems.The American naturalist · 2018Article
- Within-host competition can delay evolution of drug resistance in malaria.PLoS biology · 2018Article
- Integrating long-range connectivity information into de Bruijn graphs.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2018Article
- Identifying functional groups among the diverse, recombining antigenic var genes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum from a local community in Ghana.PLoS computational biology · 2018Article
- Networks of genetic similarity reveal non-neutral processes shape strain structure in Plasmodium falciparum.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Signatures of competition and strain structure within the major blood-stage antigen ofEcology and evolution · 2018Article
- Modeling the genetic relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum parasites following meiotic recombination and cotransmission.PLoS computational biology · 2018Article
- Evolutionary structure ofEcology and evolution · 2017Article
- A nutrient mediates intraspecific competition between rodent malaria parasitesProceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coexistence of multiple independently circulating strains in pathogen populations that undergo sexual recombination is a central question of epidemiology with profound implications for control. An agent-based model is developed that extends earlier 'strain theory' by addressing the var gene family of Plasmodium falciparum. The model explicitly considers the extensive diversity of multi-copy genes that undergo antigenic variation via sequential, mutually exclusive expression. It tracks the dynamics of all unique var repertoires in a population of hosts, and shows that even under high levels of sexual recombination, strain competition mediated through cross-immunity structures the parasite population into a subset of coexisting dominant repertoires of var genes whose degree of antigenic overlap depends on transmission intensity. Empirical comparison of patterns of genetic variation at antigenic and neutral sites supports this role for immune selection in structuring parasite diversity.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00093.001.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.