ArticleAnesthesiology2013
Resolution of pain after childbirth.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intrauterine Cleaning After Placental Delivery at Cesarean Section: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Patient-Driven Analgesic Protocol Selection for Post-Cesarean Pain Management
Labor Pain and Postpartum Behavioral Health Outcomes Study
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association between postpartum depression and chronic postsurgical pain after Cesarean delivery: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Trial
- Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus in Comparison with Continuous Epidural Infusion for Uterine Contraction Pain Relief After Cesarean Section: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Intrauterine cleaning after placental delivery at cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2019Trial
- Efficacy of continuous in-wound infusion of levobupivacaine and ketorolac for post-caesarean section analgesia: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2018Trial
- Predictive factors for chronic pain related to childbirth: A prospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid proteome of patients with persistent pain and/or postpartum depression after elective cesarean delivery: An exploratory prospective cohort study.Journal of clinical anesthesia · 2025Article
- Reducing inpatient opioid consumption after caesarean delivery: effects of an opioid stewardship programme and racial impact in a community hospital.BMJ open quality · 2024Article
- New Assessment Tool-Postpartum Functional Assessment Questionnaire.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Observational
- Determinants of satisfaction with acute pain therapy during and after childbirth.Die Anaesthesiologie · 2023Article
- Associations between postpartum pain type, pain intensity and opioid use in patients with and without opioid use disorder: a cross-sectional study.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Perinatal depression.International anesthesiology clinics · 2021Article
- Dexamethasone as an Analgesic Adjunct for Postcesarean Delivery Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2021Article
- What are the biopsychosocial risk factors associated with pain in postpartum runners? Development of a clinical decision tool.PloS one · 2021Article
- Downregulation of microRNA‑29c reduces pain after child delivery by activating the oxytocin‑GABA pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Factors associated with persistent pain after childbirth: a narrative review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2020Review
- Intrathecal Oxytocin Improves Spontaneous Behavior and Reduces Mechanical Hypersensitivity in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Article
- Capsaicin-induced pain and sensitisation in the postpartum period.British journal of anaesthesia · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic pain after surgery occurs in 10-40% of individuals, including 5-20% of women after cesarean delivery in previous reports. Pain and depression 2 months after childbirth are independently associated with more severe acute post-delivery pain. Here we examine other predictors of pain at 2 months and determine the incidence of pain at 6 and 12 months after childbirth.
methodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, 1228 women were interviewed within 36 h of delivery. Of these, 937 (76%) were successfully contacted by telephone at 2 months, and, if they had pain, at 6 and 12 months after delivery. The primary outcome measure was presence of pain which began at the time of delivery. We also generated a model of severity of acute post-delivery pain and 2 month pain and depression.
resultsPain which began at the time of delivery was remarkably rare 6 and 12 months later (1.8% and 0.3% [upper 95% confidence limit, 1.2%], respectively). Past history of pain and degree of tissue damage at delivery accounted for 7.0% and 16.7%, respectively, of one aspect in the variability in acute post-delivery pain. Neither of these factors was associated with incidence of pain 2 months later.
conclusionsUsing a definition of new onset pain from delivery, we show a remarkably low incidence of pain 1 yr after childbirth, including those with surgical delivery. Additionally, degree of tissue trauma and history of chronic pain, risk factors for pain 2 months after other surgery, were unimportant to pain 2 months after cesarean or vaginal delivery.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.