ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2013
Tenofovir treatment duration predicts proteinuria in a multiethnic United States Cohort of children and adolescents with perinatal HIV-1 infection.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01418014 (Adolescent Master Protocol), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Adolescent Master Protocol
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Renal and Bone Adverse Effects of a Tenofovir-Based Regimen in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Children: A Systematic Review.Drug safety · 2016Pooled it
- Decline in Bone Mass With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Is Associated With Hormonal Changes in the Absence of Renal Impairment When Used by HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Boys and Young Men for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Abacavir, zidovudine, or stavudine as paediatric tablets for African HIV-infected children (CHAPAS-3): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Comorbidities associated with early chronickidney disease among young people living withHIV in Uganda. A nested case control study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- The State of the Science on Chronic Comorbidities and Aging in Children and Adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Kidney Disease in HIV Infected Children on HAART in Nigeria.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease diagnosed by serum creatinine or cystatin C among young people living with HIV in Uganda.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease diagnosed by serum creatinine or cystatin C among young people living with HIV in Uganda.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Phosphaturia in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Neonates Associated with Maternal Use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Late Pregnancy.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic options for kidney disease in HIV positive patients.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2021Review
- Abacavir versus Zidovudine-based regimens for treatment of HIV-infected children in resource limited settings: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Prevalence of risk factors for chronic kidney disease in South African youth with perinatally acquired HIV.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2019Article
- Using Observational Data to Inform HIV Policy Change for Children and Youth.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Observational
- Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: clinical guidelines. Update April 2018.Journal of virus eradication · 2018Article
- Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: clinical guidelines. Update April 2018.Journal of virus eradication · 2018Article
- Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Bone and Renal Health in Young Adults Infected With HIV in Early Life.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Article
- Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: clinical guidelines.Journal of virus eradication · 2017Article
- Early Onset of Tenofovir-Related Fanconi Syndrome in a Child with Acute Hepatitis B: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature.Case reports in hepatology · 2017Article
- Medium-grade tubular proteinuria is common in HIV-positive patients and specifically associated with exposure to tenofovir disoproxil Fumarate.Infection · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTenofovir is associated with renal proximal tubule injury. Such toxicity has not been extensively studied in HIV-1-infected children, in whom tenofovir is increasingly used.
methodsHistory, urine and blood were collected at regular intervals from 448 children and adolescents with perinatal HIV-1 infection followed in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort study. Relationships between tenofovir use and proteinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes were examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Proteinuria was defined as at least one urine protein/creatinine ratio (uPCR) ≥ 0.2, and CKD as ≥ 2 sequential uPCR ≥ 0.2 or estimated glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m with no subsequent resolution, or a clinical diagnosis not contradicted by a normal uPCR. Subjects with ≥ 2 uPCR <0.2, and no abnormal uPCR and eGFR comprised the comparison group.
resultsSubjects were 47% male, 72% black, 24% Hispanic, with entry mean age (± standard deviation) of 11.5 ± 2.5 years. Proteinuria prevalence at entry, and annually during 3 years, ranged from 10.3% to 13.7%. The cumulative prevalence of proteinuria was 22% (94/434, 95% confidence interval: 18%-26%) and CKD 4.5% (20/448, 95% confidence interval: 2.7%-6.8%). Duration of tenofovir use was an independent predictor of proteinuria, with >3 years of exposure having the highest risk compared with no exposure (odds ratio: 2.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-5.22, overall P = 0.01). Overall, duration of tenofovir use did not significantly predict the presence of CKD.
conclusionsRates of proteinuria and CKD were lower than those seen in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy era. However, prolonged exposure to tenofovir increases risk of renal injury.
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