Trial reportThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2013
Impact of maternal and infant antiretroviral drug regimens on drug resistance in HIV-infected breastfeeding infants.
Trial report in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing HIV drug resistance in cases of vertical transmission in the VESTED randomized antiretroviral treatment trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Trial
- Association of pol diversity with antiretroviral treatment outcomes among HIV-infected African children.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Association between infant post-natal prophylaxis regimens and pretreatment HIV drug resistance in infected infants.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children and Implications for Pediatric Treatment Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Infant feeding for people living with HIV in high resource settings: a multi-disciplinary approach with best practices to maximise risk reduction.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Review
- Transfer of antiretroviral drugs into breastmilk: a prospective study from the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance Is Associated With Vertical Transmission and Is Prevalent in Infected Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Early life nutrition.Science progress · 2018Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.Journal of public health in Africa · 2018Article
- Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine, tenofovir and lamivudine using dried blood and breast milk spots in nursing African mother-infant pairs.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Development, validation and clinical application of a method for the simultaneous quantification of lamivudine, emtricitabine and tenofovir in dried blood and dried breast milk spots using LC-MS/MS.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2017Article
- Frequent nevirapine resistance in infants infected by HIV-1 via breastfeeding while on nevirapine prophylaxis.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Evolving uses of oral reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the HIV-1 epidemic: from treatment to prevention.Retrovirology · 2013Review
- The changing epidemiology of the global paediatric HIV epidemic: keeping track of perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Review
- Antiretroviral drug regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV: a review of scientific, program, and policy advances for sub-Saharan Africa.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 046 trial evaluated the efficacy of extended infant nevirapine (NVP) administration for prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. Infants received daily NVP up to 6 weeks of age. HIV-uninfected infants (the intent-to-treat group) received daily NVP or placebo up to 6 months of age. We analyzed emergence of NVP resistance in infants who acquired HIV infection despite prophylaxis.
methodsHIV genotyping was performed using the ViroSeq HIV Genotyping System. Medians and proportions were used to summarize data. Two-sided Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate associations between categorical variables.
resultsNVP resistance was detected in 12 (92.3%) of 13 infants who were HIV-infected by 6 weeks and in 7 (28%) of 25 infants who were HIV-uninfected at 6 weeks and HIV-infected at 6 months of age (6/8 = 75% in the NVP arm, 1/17 = 5.9% in the placebo arm, P = 0.001). Among those 25 infants, 4 had mothers who initiated an antiretroviral treatment regimen by 6 months postpartum. In all 4 cases, the treatment regimen included a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NVP or efavirenz). NVP resistance was detected in all 4 of those infants by 6 months of age (4/4 = 100%). In contrast, only 3 (14.2%) of the remaining 21 HIV-infected infants whose mothers did not initiate antiretroviral treatment developed NVP resistance (P = 0.003).
conclusionsExtended NVP prophylaxis significantly increased the risk of NVP resistance in infants who acquired HIV infection after 6 weeks of age. Treatment of maternal HIV infection was also associated with emergence of NVP resistance in HIV-infected, breastfed infants.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.