Trial reportReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2012
Clomiphene citrate versus high doses of gonadotropins for in vitro fertilisation in women with compromised ovarian reserve: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.
Trial report in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01389713 (Patients With Reduced Ovarian Reserve and In Vitro Fertilization), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Patients With Reduced Ovarian Reserve and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Cycles. A Randomized Multicentric Comparison of a Protocol With High Doses of Gonadotropins and a Protocol With Clomiphene Citrate Only. Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness and Economic Issues
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of hormone add-on strategies in ovarian stimulation for women with poor ovarian response: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Controlled ovarian stimulation protocols for assisted reproduction: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Mild versus conventional ovarian stimulation for IVF in poor, normal and hyper-responders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2021Pooled it
- Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Comparative prospective study of 2 ovarian stimulation protocols in poor responders: effect on implantation rate and ongoing pregnancy.Reproductive health · 2015Trial
- Combination of Continuous Use of Oral Clomiphene Citrate with Injectable Gonadotropins for Ovarian Stimulation: A Single-Center Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Real-world prescription patterns for reproductive assistance patients in China: A trend analysis from 2016 to 2020.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Minimal ovarian stimulation is an alternative to conventional protocols for older women according to Poseidon's stratification: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2021Observational
- Editorial: The Expansion of Female Fertility.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Co-Administration of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole in Mild Ovarian Stimulation Versus Conventional Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Among POSEIDON Group 4 Patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Cumulative Live Birth Rate and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone-Antagonist Protocol and Multiple Minimal Ovarian Stimulation in Poor Responders.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Accumulation of embryos over 3 natural modified IVF (ICSI) cycles followed by transfer to improve the outcome of poor responders.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2019Article
- Minimal Stimulation In Vitro Fertilization: A Better Outcome.International journal of fertility & sterilityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of the present randomised controlled non-inferiority trial is to test whether in women with compromised ovarian reserve requiring in vitro fertilisation, a protocol of ovarian stimulation using exclusively clomiphene citrate performs similarly to a regimen with high doses of gonadotropins.
methodsWomen with day 3 serum FSH > 12 IU/ml on at least two occasions or previous poor response to hyper-stimulation were recruited at four Italian infertility units. Selected women were allocated to clomiphene citrate 150 mg/day from day 3 to day 7 of the cycle (n=145) or to a short protocol with GnRH agonist 0.1 mg and recombinant FSH 450 IU daily (n=146). They were randomised by means of a computer-generated list into two groups. The study was not blinded. The main outcome of the study was the delivery rate per started cycle.
resultsThe study was interrupted after the scheduled two years of recruitment before reaching the sample size. 148 women were allocated to clomiphene citrate and 156 to the short protocol with high doses of gonadotropins; 124 and 125 participants were analysed in the groups, respectively. Women allocated to high doses of gonadotropins retrieved more oocytes and had a higher probability to perform embryo-transfer. However, the chances of success were similar. The delivery rate per started cycle in women receiving clomiphene citrate and high-dose gonadotropins was 3% (n=5) and 5% (n=7), respectively (p=0.77). The mean estimated cost per delivery in the two groups was 81,294 and 113,107 Euros, respectively. No side-effects or adverse events were observed.
conclusionsIn women with compromised ovarian reserve selected for in vitro fertilisation, ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate or high-dose gonadotropins led to similar chances of pregnancy but the former is less expensive.
trial registrationTrial registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01389713).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.