Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23248569›Full record

ArticleJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences2012

Formulation and optimization of nano-sized ethosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery of cromolyn sodium.

R Rakesh, K R Anoop

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Design-ExpertPharmaceutics · 2026
    Article
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  3. Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Review
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  11. Lipid-Based Nanosystems as a Tool to Overcome Skin Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2020
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

R RakeshDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India.
K R Anoop
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe current study was aimed to investigate the feasibility of transdermal delivery of cromolyn sodium using a novel lipid vesicular carrier, ethosomes. MATERIALS AND

methodsEthosomes of cromolyn sodium was prepared, optimized, and characterized for vesicle shape, vesicle size and size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, in vitro skin permeation, in vitro skin deposition and vesicle stability. Histological examination of porcine ear skin treated with optimized ethosomal formulation was performed to study the change of skin morphologies.

resultsThe optimized cromolyn sodium ethosomes showed reasonable entrapment efficiency (49.88±1.84%), optimum nanometric size range (133.8 ± 7.5 nm), and high zeta potential (-69.82 ± 1.2 mV). In vitro drug release studies of optimized ethosomal formulation through cellophane membrane showed an enhanced and sustained delivery of drug compared to conventional liposomes, hydroethanolic, (45% v/v) and phosphate buffer saline PBS pH 7.4 drug solutions. The optimized ethosomal formulation showed significantly-enhanced transdermal flux (18.49 ± 0.08 mg/cm(2)/h) across porcine ear skin as compared to liposome (1.80 ± 0.12 mg/cm(2)/h), hydroethanolic drug solution (4.45 ± 0.71 mg/cm(2)/h), and PBS pH 7.4 drug solution (1.18 ± 0.35 mg/cm(2)/h). Moreover, ethosomal formulation showed better skin drug deposition (10.28 ± 0.67%) and shortest lag time (0.11 ± 0.09 h) for cromolyn sodium.

conclusionOur significant results suggest that ethosomes can be a promising tool for transdermal delivery of cromolyn sodium.

Indexed as

Cromolyn sodiumethosomesliposomespermeation enhancer

Identifiers

PMID23248569
PMCPMC3523531
OpenAlexW2087702199

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.