ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2013
Vaccine injection site matters: qualitative and quantitative defects in CD8 T cells primed as a function of proximity to the tumor in a murine glioma model.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on poly(I:C) and poly-ICLC in glioblastoma: adjuvants coordinating the unlocking of immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Pooled it
- Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Viral based vaccine TG4010 induces broadening of specific immune response and improves outcome in advanced NSCLC.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2017Trial
- Shaping Antitumor Immunity with Peptide Vaccines: Implications of Immune Modulation at the Vaccine Site.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CD47KO/CRT dual-bioengineered cell membrane-coated nanovaccine combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody for boosting tumor immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- A prognostic model based on tumor microenvironment-related lncRNAs predicts therapy response in pancreatic cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- Review
- Technical choices significantly alter the adaptive immune response against immunocompetent murine gliomas in a model-dependent manner.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Article
- IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- The construction of a lymphoma cell-based, DC-targeted vaccine, and its application in lymphoma prevention and cure.Bioactive materials · 2021Article
- Article
- Sustained localized delivery of immunotherapy to lymph nodes reverses immunosuppression and increases long-term survival in murine glioblastoma.Oncoimmunology · 2021Article
- Exploration of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists as Candidate Adjuvants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- A novel cancer immunotherapy utilizing autologous tumour tissue.Vox sanguinis · 2020Article
- Revisiting T Cell Tolerance as a Checkpoint Target for Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Intratumoral immune activation with TLR4 agonist synergizes with effector T cells to eradicate established murine tumors.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Diverse immunotherapies can effectively treat syngeneic brainstem tumors in the absence of overt toxicity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- Dendritic cell immunotherapy induces anti-tumor effect in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.American journal of cancer research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are lethal brain tumors for which novel therapies are urgently needed. In animal models, vaccination with tumor-associated Ags efficiently primes T cells to clear gliomas. In clinical trials, cancer vaccines have been less effective at priming T cells and extending survival. Generalized immune suppression in the tumor draining lymph nodes has been documented in multiple cancers. However, a systematic analysis of how vaccination at various distances from the tumor (closest to farthest) has not been reported. We investigated how the injection site chosen for vaccination dictates CD8 T cell priming and survival in an OVA-transfected murine glioma model. Glioma-bearing mice were vaccinated with Poly:ICLC plus OVA protein in the neck, hind leg, or foreleg for drainage into the cervical, inguinal, or axillary lymph nodes, respectively. OVA-specific CD8 T cell number, TCR affinity, effector function, and infiltration into the brain decreased as the vaccination site approached the tumor. These effects were dependent on the presence of the tumor, because injection site did not appreciably affect CD8 T cell priming in tumor-free mice. Our data suggest the site of vaccination can greatly impact the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. Considering that previous and ongoing clinical trials have used a variety of injection sites, vaccination site is potentially a critical aspect of study design that is being overlooked.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.