Trial reportDiabetes2013
Coadministration of glucagon-like peptide-1 during glucagon infusion in humans results in increased energy expenditure and amelioration of hyperglycemia.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Randomized, Placebo (Saline)-Controlled, Balanced, 3-treatment Regimen Crossover Study Comparing the Effects of Prolonged (13 h) Hyperglucagonemia With Those of Acute (3 hr) Hyperglucagonemia on Energy Expenditure and Endogenous Glucose Protection (EGP).
A Pilot Study to Determine Tolerability to Glucagon Infusion in Obese Subjects
Effect of Prolonged (72 Hour) Glucagon Administration on Energy Expenditure in Healthy Obese Subjects
Why do Some Patients Respond Better Than Others to Bariatric Surgery?
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of Mazdutide on weight loss among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The acute effect of glucagon on components of energy balance and glucose homoeostasis in adults without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Pooled it
- Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Survodutide Improves Biomarkers of Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Living With Overweight/Obesity.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Survodutide in adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: SYNCHRONIZE-MASLD, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- An experimental medicine protocol for exploring the haemodynamic effects of dual agonism at the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor in healthy subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Exenatide and glucagon co-infusion increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves markers of diastolic dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Cotadutide promotes glycogenolysis in people with overweight or obesity diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Nature metabolism · 2023Trial
- Glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonism associates with reduced metabolic adaptation and higher fat oxidation: A randomized trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Trial
- A phase 1b randomised controlled trial of a glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist IBI362 (LY3305677) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Dose-Response Effect of Glucagon on Glucose, Beta-Cell Secretion and Metabolism in Healthy Individuals.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (Mono and Combination Therapy) on Energy Expenditure: A Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Article
- Improving incretin-mediated body weight loss via energy expenditure.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- GCGR agonism requires GABAergic signaling in the medial basal hypothalamus to promote weight loss in obese mice.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Adipose Tissue, at the Core of the Action of Incretin and Glucagon-Based Anti-Obesity Drugs.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Review Article: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Dual or Triple Agonists-Mechanism of Action and Emerging Therapeutic Landscape in MASLD.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- GLP-1R/GCGR dual agonism dissipates hepatic steatosis to restore insulin sensitivity and rescue pancreatic β-cell function in obese male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and semaglutide have distinct effects on skeletal health and heart function in obese male mice.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- What is the pipeline for future medications for obesity?International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Measuring energy expenditure in Göttingen Minipigs using indirect calorimetry: validation and methodological considerations.Laboratory animal research · 2025Article
- GLP-1-based therapies for type 2 diabetes: from single, dual and triple agonists to endogenous GLP-1 production and L-cell differentiation.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 are the primary products of proglucagon processing from the pancreas and gut, respectively. Giving dual agonists with glucagon and GLP-1 activity to diabetic, obese mice causes enhanced weight loss and improves glucose tolerance by reduction of food intake and by increase in energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to observe the effect of a combination of glucagon and GLP-1 on resting EE and glycemia in healthy human volunteers. In a randomized, double-blinded crossover study, 10 overweight or obese volunteers without diabetes received placebo infusion, GLP-1 alone, glucagon alone, and GLP-1 plus glucagon simultaneously. Resting EE--measured using indirect calorimetry--was not affected by GLP-1 infusion but rose significantly with glucagon alone and to a similar degree with glucagon and GLP-1 together. Glucagon infusion was accompanied by a rise in plasma glucose levels, but addition of GLP-1 to glucagon rapidly reduced this excursion, due to a synergistic insulinotropic effect. The data indicate that drugs with glucagon and GLP-1 agonist activity may represent a useful treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Long-term studies are required to demonstrate that this combination will reduce weight and improve glycemia in patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.