ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2013
Determination of benzotriazoles in dishwasher tabs from Germany and estimation of the discharge into German waters.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The persistence and photostabilizing characteristics of benzotriazole and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole reduce the photochemical behavior of common photosensitizers and organic compounds in aqueous environments.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Xenobiotic benzotriazoles--biodegradation under meso- and oligotrophic conditions as well as denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, and anaerobic conditions.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A method was developed for the determination of benzotriazoles (BTs) in dishwasher tabs. BTs consist of 1H-benzotriazole and/or tolyltriazole, i.e., a technical mixture of the two isomers 4-methylbenzotriazole and 5-methylbenzotriazole (5-MBT). The method consisted of weighing of an aliquot of the tab, addition of the internal standard 5-MBT, precipitation of the soaps with CaCl2 and KOH, derivatization of the filtrate with acetic acid anhydride in a two-phase system, and analysis of the organic toluene layer by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. Eleven of 12 different dishwasher tabs from the German market were tested positive with BTs ranging from 2 to 66 mg/tab. Dishwashing experiments were performed to show that at least 99% of the BT amount used in the dishwasher did not remain on the dishes but was released into the wastewater treatment system. The annual release of BTs into the water system was estimated to be ~80 tons. Since 70% or less of the BTs can be degraded in wastewater treatment plants, at least 24 tons are annually released into rivers in Germany.
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