ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2012
Prodrugs of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), more than meets the eye: a critical review.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrochemical Synthesis of Building Blocks with a Structure Inspired by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Design, synthesis, in-vitro hydrolysis and biological evaluation of antioxidant conjugated mutual prodrugs of ibuprofen.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Coumarin-Based Prodrugs: Therapeutic Promise or Still Confined to Preclinical Exploration?Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Perspective of Prodrugs of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Antioxidants: An Approach to Reduce Toxicity and Enhance Efficacy.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Inhibitory Effects of Aspirin and Ibuprofen Overdose on Cholinesterase Activity:Current drug safety · 2025Article
- Conjugates of ibuprofen inhibit CHIKV infection and inflammation.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- Strategies to Improve the Transdermal Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Exploring acetaminophen prodrugs and hybrids: a review.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide in osteoarthritis development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Dissecting CYP1A2 Activation by Arylalkanoic Acid Prodrugs toward the Development of Anti-Inflammatory Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Discovery ofJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- HAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Isopropyl Amino Acid Esters Ionic Liquids as Vehicles for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Potential Topical Drug Delivery Systems with Antimicrobial Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Biological Activity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Unmet needs in glaucoma therapy: The potential role of hydrogen sulfide and its delivery strategies.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- HBiomolecules · 2021Review
- Pyrrolizine/Indolizine-NSAID Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response.International journal of molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Dexibuprofen Therapeutic Advances: Prodrugs and Nanotechnological Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Trends in HAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The design and the synthesis of prodrugs for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been given much attention by medicinal chemists, especially in the last decade. As a therapeutic group, NSAIDs are among the most widely used prescribed and over the counter (OTC) medications. The rich literature about potential NSAID prodrugs clearly shows a shift from alkyl, aryalkyl or aryl esters with the sole role of masking the carboxylic acid group, to more elaborate conjugates that contain carefully chosen groups to serve specific purposes, such as enhancement of water solubility and dissolution, nitric oxide release, hydrogen sulfide release, antioxidant activity, anticholinergic and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity and site-specific targeting and delivery. This review will focus on NSAID prodrugs that have been designed or were, later, found to possess intrinsic pharmacological activity as an intact chemical entity. Such intrinsic activity might augment the anti-inflammatory activity of the NSAID, reduce its side effects or transform the potential therapeutic use from classical anti-inflammatory action to something else. Reports discussed in this review will be those of NO-NSAIDs, anticholinergic and AChEI-NSAIDs, Phospho-NSAIDs and some miscellaneous agents. In most cases, this review will cover literature dealing with these NSAID prodrugs from the year 2006 and later. Older literature will be used when necessary, e.g., to explain the chemical and biological mechanisms of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.