Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23246436›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2013

Integration-dependent bacteriophage immunity provides insights into the evolution of genetic switches.

Gregory W Broussard, Lauren M Oldfield, Valerie M Villanueva, Bryce L Lunt, Emilee E Shine, Graham F Hatfull

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  2. Counting to two: how phages decide between lysis and lysogeny.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Genetic Engineering of Lysogenic-Lytic Switch Genes ImprovesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Genome synthesis, assembly, and rebooting of therapeutically useful high G+C% mycobacteriophages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. All the world's a phage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Mycobacteriophage Tarkin: a Cluster E Phage.Microbiology resource announcements · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Alternating lysis and lysogeny is a winning strategy in bacteriophages due to Parrondo's paradox.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. AreViruses · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Engineered Bacteriophage Therapeutics: Rationale, Challenges and Future.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2021
    Review

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gregory W BroussardDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Lauren M Oldfield
Valerie M Villanueva
Bryce L Lunt
Emilee E Shine
Graham F Hatfull
University of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000005 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2012 to 2015
$50.8M
Integration and Excision by Serine IntergrasesR01AI059114 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HATFULL, GRAHAM F. · 2004 to 2013
$3.3M
Mycobacteriophage as an emerging model organismR24GM093901 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HATFULL, GRAHAM F. · 2011 to 2014
$1.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000005NIAID NIH HHS AI059114NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI059114NIGMS NIH HHS GM093901NIGMS NIH HHS R24 GM093901
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetic switches are critical components of developmental circuits. Because temperate bacteriophages are vastly abundant and greatly diverse, they are rich resources for understanding the mechanisms and evolution of switches and the molecular control of genetic circuitry. Here, we describe a new class of small, compact, and simple switches that use site-specific recombination as the key decision point. The phage attachment site attP is located within the phage repressor gene such that chromosomal integration results in removal of a C-terminal tag that destabilizes the virally encoded form of the repressor. Integration thus not only confers prophage stability but also is a requirement for lysogenic establishment. The variety of these self-contained integration-dependent immunity systems in different genomic contexts suggests that these represent ancestral states in switch evolution from which more-complex switches have evolved. They also provide a powerful toolkit for building synthetic biological circuits.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, ViralAmino Acid SequenceAmino Acid SubstitutionBase SequenceBinding SitesConserved SequenceEvolution, MolecularIntegrasesLysogenyMicrobial ViabilityModels, GeneticMolecular Sequence DataMycobacteriophagesMycobacterium smegmatisPromoter Regions, GeneticProphagesIntegrasesRepressor ProteinsViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID23246436
PMCPMC3557535
OpenAlexW2146334355

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.