ArticleOncoimmunology2012
Why do human B cells secrete granzyme B? Insights into a novel B-cell differentiation pathway.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Targeting tumour-infiltrating B cells: mechanisms and advances in cancer therapy.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Pathotype-Specific Expression of Granzyme-Perforin Pathway Genes and Their Association With Clinical Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis and in a Randomized Clinical Trial.Immune network · 2025Article
- IL-4 alters TLR7-induced B cell developmental program in lupus.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Granzyme B-producing B cells: a bidirectional relationship with breast cancer cells and implications for immunotherapy.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Human regulatory memory B cells defined by expression of TIM-1 and TIGIT are dysfunctional in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Impaired regulatory function of granzyme B-producing B cells against T cell inflammatory responses in lupus mice.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Lower Circulating Cytotoxic T-Cell Frequency and Higher Intragraft Granzyme-B Expression Are Associated with Inflammatory Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy in Renal Allograft Recipients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- The immune cell landscape and response of Marek's disease resistant and susceptible chickens infected with Marek's disease virus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate is a potent enhancer of B cells with a granzyme BFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- B cells in tumor metastasis: friend or foe?International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Comparative Analysis of Antibody Titers against the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Infected Patient Cohorts and Diverse Vaccination Regimes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Aging induces severe SIV infection accompanied by an increase in follicular CD8+ T cells with overactive STAT3 signaling.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Article
- Vaccination against galectin-1 promotes cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in melanoma and reduces tumor burden.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Cytotoxic B Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- B Cell Immunity in Lung Transplant Rejection - Effector Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Diversity and intratumoral heterogeneity in human gallbladder cancer progression revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.Clinical and translational medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B cells are generally believed to operate as producers of high affinity antibodies to defend the body against microorganisms, whereas cellular cytotoxicity is considered as an exclusive prerogative of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In conflict with this dogma, recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of interleukin-21 (IL-21) and B-cell receptor (BCR) stimulation enables B cells to produce and secrete the active form of the cytotoxic serine protease granzyme B (GrB). Although the production of GrB by B cells is not accompanied by that of perforin as in the case of many other GrB-secreting cells, recent findings suggest GrB secretion by B cells may play a significant role in early antiviral immune responses, in the regulation of autoimmune responses, and in cancer immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss in detail how GrB-secreting B cells may influence a variety of immune processes. A better understanding of the role that GrB-secreting B cells are playing in the immune system may allow for the development and improvement of novel immunotherapeutic approaches against infectious, autoimmune and malignant diseases.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.