ArticleBlood2013
Activation, exhaustion, and persistent decline of the antimicrobial MR1-restricted MAIT-cell population in chronic HIV-1 infection.
Article in Blood, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05598346 (Significance and Biological Importance of Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 244 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Significance and Biological Importance of Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 370 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opsonization-Enhanced Antigen Presentation by MR1 Activates Rapid Polyfunctional MAIT Cell Responses Acting as an Effector Arm of Humoral Antibacterial Immunity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Trial
- Activation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Enumeration, functional responses and cytotoxic capacity of MAIT cells in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Review
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells respond to colonic microbiome alterations during acute HIV infection.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins Regulate Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Function.Immunology · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal MAIT cells in chronic HIV-1 infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Navigating the gastric frontier of mucosal immunity againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic characterization of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of immune cells in Hantaan-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive immune profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using two complementary spectral flow cytometry panels encompassing 60 unique markers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneity of mucosaassociated invariant T cells in donor grafts and its diagnostic relevance in gastrointestinal graft-Haematologica · 2026Article
- MAIT Cells in Liver Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals immunological fitness of HIV long-term non-progressors.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A multiomics recovery factor predicts long COVID in the IMPACC study.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: Origins, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Hantaan virus infection induces human mucosal-associated invariant T cell pyroptosis through IRE1α pathway.Communications biology · 2025Article
- MAIT cell homing in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.Science advances · 2025Review
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial MR1-restricted T-cell subset. MAIT cells are CD161(+), express a V7.2 TCR, are primarily CD8(+) and numerous in blood and mucosal tissues. However, their role in HIV-1 infection is unknown. In this study, we found levels of MAIT cells to be severely reduced in circulation in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. Residual MAIT cells were highly activated and functionally exhausted. Their decline was associated with time since diagnosis, activation levels, and the concomitant expansion of a subset of functionally impaired CD161(+) V7.2(+) T cells. Such cells were generated in vitro by exposure of MAIT cells to Escherichia coli. Notably, whereas the function of residual MAIT cells was at least partly restored by effective antiretroviral therapy, levels of MAIT cells in peripheral blood were not restored. Interestingly, MAIT cells in rectal mucosa were relatively preserved, although some of the changes seen in blood were recapitulated in the mucosa. These findings are consistent with a model in which the MAIT-cell compartment, possibly as a result of persistent exposure to microbial material, is engaged, activated, exhausted, and progressively and persistently depleted during chronic HIV-1 infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.