Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23243106›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2013

Long-term impact of integration of household water treatment and hygiene promotion with antenatal services on maternal water treatment and hygiene practices in Malawi.

Anagha Loharikar, Elizabeth Russo, Anandi Sheth, Manoj Menon, Amose Kudzala, Blessius Tauzie, Humphreys D Masuku, Tracy Ayers, Robert M Hoekstra, Robert Quick

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  11. Risk Factors Associated with Feeding Children under 2 Years in Rural Malawi-A Formative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anagha LoharikarEpidemic Intelligence Service, and Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. anagha.loharikar@gmail.com
Elizabeth Russo
Anandi Sheth
Manoj Menon
Amose Kudzala
Blessius Tauzie
Humphreys D Masuku
Tracy Ayers
Robert M Hoekstra
Robert Quick

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A clinic-based program to integrate antenatal services with distribution of hygiene kits including safe water storage containers, water treatment solution (brand name WaterGuard), soap, and hygiene education, was implemented in Malawi in 2007 and evaluated in 2010. We surveyed 389 participants at baseline in 2007, and found and surveyed 232 (60%) participants to assess water treatment, test stored drinking water for residual chlorine (an objective measure of treatment), and observe handwashing technique at follow-up in 2010. Program participants were more likely to know correct water treatment procedures (67% versus 36%; P < 0.0001), treat drinking water with WaterGuard (24% versus 2%; P < 0.0001), purchase and use WaterGuard (21% versus 1%; P < 0.001), and demonstrate correct handwashing technique (50% versus 21%; P < 0.001) at the three-year follow-up survey than at baseline. This antenatal-clinic-based program may have contributed to sustained water treatment and proper handwashing technique among program participants.

Indexed as

Family CharacteristicsHealth PromotionAdolescentAdultChlorineCross-Sectional StudiesData CollectionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHand DisinfectionHumansHygieneMalawiMiddle AgedPregnancySoapsChlorineSoaps

Identifiers

PMID23243106
PMCPMC3583316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.