Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23242902›Full record

ArticleCanadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien2012

Language barriers: use of regular medical doctors by Canada's official language minorities.

Emmanuel Ngwakongnwi, Brenda R Hemmelgarn, Richard Musto, Kathryn M King-Shier, Hude Quan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emmanuel NgwakongnwiHealth Quality Council of Alberta, Canada.
Brenda R Hemmelgarn
Richard Musto
Kathryn M King-Shier
Hude Quan

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess use of regular medical doctors (RMDs), as well as awareness and use of telephone health lines or telehealth services, by official language minorities (OLMs) in Canada.

designAnalysis of data from the 2006 postcensal survey on the vitality of OLMs.

settingCanada.

participantsIn total, 7691 English speakers in Quebec and 12 376 French speakers outside Quebec, grouped into those who experienced language barriers and those with no language barriers.

main outcome measuresHealth services utilization (HSU) by the presence of language barriers; HSU measures included having an RMD, use of an RMD's services, and awareness of and use of telephone health lines or telehealth services. Multivariable models examined the associations between HSU and language barriers.

resultsAfter adjusting for age and sex, English speakers residing in Quebec with limited proficiency in French were less likely to have RMDs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.87) and to use the services of their RMDs (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86), but were more likely to be aware of the existence of (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.93) and to use (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.11) telephone health lines or telehealth services. This pattern of having and using RMDs and telehealth services was not observed for French speakers residing outside of Quebec.

conclusionOverall we found variation in HSU among the language barrier populations, with lower use observed in Quebec. Age older than 45 years, male sex, being married or in common-law relationships, and higher income were associated with having RMDs for OLMs.

Indexed as

Communication BarriersHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth Services AccessibilityLanguageMinority GroupsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGeneral PractitionersHealth Care SurveysHumansLogistic Models

Identifiers

PMID23242902
PMCPMC3520678

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.