ArticleBiology of reproduction2013
Di-n-butyl phthalate disrupts the expression of genes involved in cell cycle and apoptotic pathways in mouse ovarian antral follicles.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid dysregulation in mouse ovarian antral follicles after oral exposure to a human relevant mixture of three phthalates.Toxicology · 2026Article
- Ovarian toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Prenatal Dibutyl Phthalate Exposure Dysregulates Fetal-Placental Vascular Function and Placental Vasculature-Specific Lipid Metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant low-dosage dibutyl phthalate reduces placental efficiency in CD-1 mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Developmental programming: mechanisms of early exposure to real-life chemicals in biosolids on offspring ovarian dynamics†.Biology of reproduction · 2025Article
- N-actylcysteine inhibits diethyl phthalate-induced inflammation via JNK and STAT pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA-seq reveals that granulosa cells are a target of phthalate toxicity in the ovary.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of mouse ovarian antral follicles following oral exposure to a human-relevant mixture of three phthalates.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures and uterine leiomyomata in the study of environment, lifestyle and fibroids (SELF).Chemosphere · 2024Article
- Exposure to a phthalate mixture disrupts ovulatory progesterone receptor signaling in human granulosa cells in vitro†.Biology of reproduction · 2023Article
- Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on human reproduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on ovarian- and ovulation-related fertility outcomes.Molecular reproduction and development · 2022Review
- In vitro growth of the ovarian follicle: taking stock of advances in research.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2022Review
- Phthalate monoesters act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the mouse ovary.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid Disrupts Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Folliculogenesis in Adult Mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- Ovarian Toxicity and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Phthalates and Their Metabolites.Current medical science · 2021Review
- Environmentally relevant mixtures of phthalates and phthalate metabolites differentially alter the cell cycle and apoptosis in mouse neonatal ovaries†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Article
- Incidence of uterine leiomyoma in relation to urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative biomarkers: A prospective ultrasound study.Environment international · 2021Article
- Ovulation is Inhibited by an Environmentally Relevant Phthalate Mixture in Mouse Antral Follicles In Vitro.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Subacute exposure to di-isononyl phthalate alters the morphology, endocrine function, and immune system in the colon of adult female mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is present in many consumer products, such as infant, beauty, and medical products. Several studies have shown that DBP causes reproductive toxicity in rodents, but no studies have evaluated its effects on ovarian follicles. Therefore, we used a follicle culture system to evaluate the effects of DBP on antral follicle growth, cell cycle and apoptosis gene expression, cell cycle staging, atresia, and 17β-estradiol (E(2)) production. Antral follicles were isolated from adult CD-1 mice and exposed to DBP at 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/ml for 24 or 168 h. Follicles treated with vehicle or DBP at 1-100 μg/ml grew over time, but DBP at 1000 μg/ml significantly suppressed follicle growth. Regardless of effect on follicle growth, DBP-treated follicles had decreased mRNA for cyclins D2, E1, A2, and B1 and increased p21. Levels of the proapoptotic genes Bax, Bad, and Bok were not altered by DBP treatment, but DBP 1000 μg/ml increased levels of Bid and decreased levels of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2. DBP-treated follicles contained significantly more cells in G(1) phase, significantly less cells in S, and exhibited a trend for fewer cells in G(2). Although DBP did not affect E(2) production and atresia at 24 h, follicles treated with DBP had reduced levels of E(2) at 96 h and underwent atresia at 168 h. These data suggest that DBP targets antral follicles and alters the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis factors, causes cell cycle arrest, decreases E(2), and triggers atresia, depending on dose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.