ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2013
Protective mechanisms of respiratory tract Streptococci against Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm formation and epithelial cell infection.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics in addition to antibiotics for the treatment of acute tonsillitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Trial
- Elucidating the role of group A Streptococcus genomics and pharyngeal microbiota in acute paediatric pharyngitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of seasonal variation on the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiome in school-aged children: the school MicroBE initiative.mSystems · 2025Article
- Transcriptionally active nasopharyngeal commensals and opportunistic microbial dynamics define mild symptoms in the COVID 19 vaccination breakthroughs.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Beneficial modulation of human health in the oral cavity and beyond using bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance-producing streptococcal probiotics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Delivery Mode Affects Stability of Early Infant Gut Microbiota.Cell reports. Medicine · 2020Article
- Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms - From Formation to Health Implication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Herbal Tea for the Management of Pharyngitis: Inhibition ofBiomedicines · 2019Article
- Current Understanding of Group A Streptococcal Biofilms.Current drug targets · 2019Review
- Influence of Probiotic Culture Supernatants on In Vitro Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2018Article
- Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a interfere with biofilm formation of pathogens of the upper respiratory tract.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Identification of a two-component Class IIb bacteriocin in Streptococcus pyogenes by recombinase-based in vivo expression technology.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Investigation of Streptococcus salivarius-mediated inhibition of pneumococcal adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Resistance Genes and Genetic Elements Associated with Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical and Commensal Isolates of Streptococcus salivarius.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms-formation, biology, and clinical relevance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2015Review
- In vivo expression of Streptococcus pyogenes immunogenic proteins during tibial foreign body infection.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Investigating the effects of probiotics on pneumococcal colonization using an in vitro adherence assay.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2014Article
- Colostrum of healthy Slovenian mothers: microbiota composition and bacteriocin gene prevalence.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci [GAS]) encounter many streptococcal species of the physiological microbial biome when entering the upper respiratory tract of humans, leading to the question how GAS interact with these bacteria in order to establish themselves at this anatomic site and initiate infection. Here we show that S. oralis and S. salivarius in direct contact assays inhibit growth of GAS in a strain-specific manner and that S. salivarius, most likely via bacteriocin secretion, also exerts this effect in transwell experiments. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy documentation, we identified the tested strains as potent biofilm producers except for GAS M49. In mixed-species biofilms, S. salivarius dominated the GAS strains, while S. oralis acted as initial colonizer, building the bottom layer in mixed biofilms and thereby allowing even GAS M49 to form substantial biofilms on top. With the exception of S. oralis, artificial saliva reduced single-species biofilms and allowed GAS to dominate in mixed biofilms, although the overall two-layer structure was unchanged. When covered by S. oralis and S. salivarius biofilms, epithelial cells were protected from GAS adherence, internalization, and cytotoxic effects. Apparently, these species can have probiotic effects. The use of Affymetrix array technology to assess HEp-2 cell transcription levels revealed modest changes after exposure to S. oralis and S. salivarius biofilms which could explain some of the protective effects against GAS attack. In summary, our study revealed a protection effect of respiratory tract bacteria against an important airway pathogen and allowed a first in vitro insight into local environmental processes after GAS enter the respiratory tract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.