ArticleMolecular microbiology2013
The Toxoplasma nuclear factor TgAP2XI-4 controls bradyzoite gene expression and cyst formation.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of variation in Toxoplasma gondii cyst burden in the murine model.Experimental parasitology · 2019Pooled it
- Host-cell dependent epigenetic profiles associated with survival outcomes in T. gondii infection.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Article
- AP2X-1 is a negative regulator ofmBio · 2025Article
- The critical role ofmBio · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of Toxoplasma gondii migration routes and tissue dissemination in the host.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms of surface antigen suppression by ApiAP2 and its implications for vaccine development.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- A Novel Nuclear Protein Complex Controlling the Expression of Developmentally Regulated Genes in Toxoplasma Gondii.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Cascading expression of ApiAP2 transcription factors controls daughter cell assembly in Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Article
- AP2XII-1 and AP2XI-2 Suppress Schizogony Gene Expression inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Constitutive upregulation of transcription factors underlies permissive bradyzoite differentiation in a natural isolate ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The transcription factor AP2XI-2 is a key negative regulator of Toxoplasma gondii merogony.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Cell cycle-regulated ApiAP2s and parasite development: the Toxoplasma paradigm.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- A transcriptional network required for bradyzoite development in Toxoplasma gondii is dispensable for recrudescent disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A positive feedback loop controls Toxoplasma chronic differentiation.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- The beta subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase is critical for cell cycle progression and parasite development in Toxoplasma gondii.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Nuclear Factor AP2X-4 Governs the Expression of Cell Cycle- and Life Stage-Regulated Genes and is Critical forMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- New Avenues to DesignFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The determinants regulatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Primary brain cell infection byOpen biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii undergoes many phenotypic changes during its life cycle. The recent identification of AP2 transcription factors in T. gondii has provided a platform for studying the mechanisms controlling gene expression. In the present study, we report that a recombinant protein encompassing the TgAP2XI-4 AP2 domain was able to specifically bind to a DNA motif using gel retardation assays. TgAP2XI-4 protein is localized in the parasite nucleus throughout the tachyzoite life cycle in vitro, with peak expression occurring after cytokinesis. We found that the TgAP2XI-4 transcript level was higher in bradyzoite cysts isolated from brains of chronically infected mice than in the rapidly replicating tachyzoites. A knockout of the TgAP2XI-4 gene in both T. gondii virulent type I and avirulent type II strains reveals its role in modulating expression and promoter activity of genes involved in stage conversion of the rapidly replicating tachyzoites to the dormant cyst forming bradyzoites. Furthermore, mice infected with the type II KO mutants show a drastically reduced brain cyst burden. Thus, our results validate TgAP2XI-4 as a novel nuclear factor that regulates bradyzoite gene expression during parasite differentiation and cyst formation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.