ArticlePloS one2012
Exhaled air dispersion during coughing with and without wearing a surgical or N95 mask.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04353531 (An Observational Study to Investigate the Aerosol Particle Distribution During Aerosol Generating Procedures), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Observational Study to Investigate the Aerosol Particle Distribution During Aerosol Generating Procedures
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contact dermatitis caused by prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Aerosol-generating behaviours in speech pathology clinical practice: A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Investigation of the optimal method of oxygen administration with simultaneous use of a surgical mask in postoperative patients: a randomized cross-over study.JA clinical reports · 2024Article
- Understanding lifetime and dispersion of cough-emitted droplets in air.Indoor + built environment : the journal of the International Society of the Built Environment · 2023Article
- Perceptions, Knowledge, and Experiences of Using Face Masks among Egyptian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The quest for meticulous patient care, even in the challenging COVID-19 era, is a trait inherited by professional anesthesiologists.Journal of anesthesia · 2022Article
- Prerequisite for COVID-19 Prediction: A Review on Factors Affecting the Infection Rate.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- A critical review on the role of leakages in the facemask protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection with consideration of vaccination and virus variants.Indoor air · 2022Review
- Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: Airway and resuscitation.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Quantifying the Risk to Health Care Workers of Cough as an Aerosol Generating Event in an Ambulance Setting: A Research Report.Prehospital and disaster medicine · 2022Review
- High-Flow Nasal Oxygen and Noninvasive Ventilation for COVID-19.Critical care clinics · 2022Review
- Cloth Face Coverings for Use as Facemasks During the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: What Science and Experience Have Taught Us.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2022Review
- A COVID-19 infection incidentally detected during hyperbaric oxygen treatment and preventive measures for COVID-19 transmission in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2022Article
- The application of a surgical face mask over different oxygen delivery devices; a crossover study of measured end-tidal oxygen concentrations.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Article
- Speech air flow with and without face masks.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Noninvasive respiratory support for COVID-19 patients: when, for whom, and how?Journal of intensive care · 2022Review
- What is suitable social distancing for people wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic?Indoor air · 2022Article
- High-Flow Nasal Oxygenation and Its Applicability in COVID Patients.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Large eddy simulation of cough jet dynamics, droplet transport, and inhalability over a ten minute exposure.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe compared the expelled air dispersion distances during coughing from a human patient simulator (HPS) lying at 45° with and without wearing a surgical mask or N95 mask in a negative pressure isolation room.
methodsAirflow was marked with intrapulmonary smoke. Coughing bouts were generated by short bursts of oxygen flow at 650, 320, and 220L/min to simulate normal, mild and poor coughing efforts, respectively. The coughing jet was revealed by laser light-sheet and images were captured by high definition video. Smoke concentration in the plume was estimated from the light scattered by smoke particles. Significant exposure was arbitrarily defined where there was ≥ 20% of normalized smoke concentration.
resultsDuring normal cough, expelled air dispersion distances were 68, 30 and 15 cm along the median sagittal plane when the HPS wore no mask, a surgical mask and a N95 mask, respectively. In moderate lung injury, the corresponding air dispersion distances for mild coughing efforts were reduced to 55, 27 and 14 cm, respectively, p < 0.001. The distances were reduced to 30, 24 and 12 cm, respectively during poor coughing effort as in severe lung injury. Lateral dispersion distances during normal cough were 0, 28 and 15 cm when the HPS wore no mask, a surgical mask and a N95 mask, respectively.
conclusionsNormal cough produced a turbulent jet about 0.7 m towards the end of the bed from the recumbent subject. N95 mask was more effective than surgical mask in preventing expelled air leakage during coughing but there was still significant sideway leakage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.