ArticlePloS one2012
Evaluations for in vitro correlates of immunogenicity of inactivated influenza a H5, H7 and H9 vaccines in humans.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induction of Cross-Clade Antibody and T-Cell Responses by a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccine in a Randomized Phase 1/2a Clinical Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Evolution, spread and impact of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- A vaccine antigen central in influenza A(H5) virus antigenic space confers subtype-wide immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It?Viruses · 2021Review
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 is immunogenic and induces cross-protection against antigenically divergent H7N9 viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Close Relationship between cIAP2 and Human ARDS Induced by Severe H7N9 Infection.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Broadly Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies Elicited following Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Exposure Protect Mice against Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Challenge.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Review
- Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Antibody Responses in Survivors 1 Year after Infection, China, 2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- H5N1 influenza vaccine induces a less robust neutralizing antibody response than seasonal trivalent and H7N9 influenza vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2017Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Memory in Generating Protective Immunity to Novel and Potentially Pandemic Strains of Influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Impact of Adjuvants on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Split-Virion H7N9 Vaccine in Ferrets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Emergence of H7N9 Influenza A Virus Resistant to Neuraminidase Inhibitors in Nonhuman Primates.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Recombinant Hemagglutinin and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines for H7N9 Influenza Virus.Journal of vaccines & vaccination · 2015Article
- Recombinant virus-like particles elicit protective immunity against avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in ferrets.Vaccine · 2015Article
- Review
- Advances in the development of influenza virus vaccines.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2015Review
- A single immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based influenza virus H7 vaccine affords protection in the influenza A(H7N9) pneumonia ferret model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSerum antibody responses in humans to inactivated influenza A (H5N1), (H9N2) and A (H7) vaccines have been varied but frequently low, particularly for subunit vaccines without adjuvant despite hemagglutinin (HA) concentrations expected to induce good responses.
designTo help understand the low responses to subunit vaccines, we evaluated influenza A (H5N1), (H9N2), (H7N7) vaccines and 2009 pandemic (H1N1) vaccines for antigen uptake, processing and presentation by dendritic cells to T cells, conformation of vaccine HA in antibody binding assays and gel analyses, HA titers with different red blood cells, and vaccine morphology in electron micrographs (EM).
resultsAntigen uptake, processing and presentation of H5, H7, H9 and H1 vaccine preparations evaluated in humans appeared normal. No differences were detected in antibody interactions with vaccine and matched virus; although H7 trimer was not detected in western blots, no abnormalities in the conformation of the HA antigens were identified. The lowest HA titers for the vaccines were <1:4 for the H7 vaccine and 1:661 for an H9 vaccine; these vaccines induced the fewest antibody responses. A (H1N1) vaccines were the most immunogenic in humans; intact virus and virus pieces were prominent in EM. A good immunogenic A (H9N2) vaccine contained primarily particles of viral membrane with external HA and NA. A (H5N1) vaccines intermediate in immunogenicity were mostly indistinct structural units with stellates; the least immunogenic A (H7N7) vaccine contained mostly small 5 to 20 nm structures. SUMMARY: Antigen uptake, processing and presentation to human T cells and conformation of the HA appeared normal for each inactivated influenza A vaccine. Low HA titer was associated with low immunogenicity and presence of particles or split virus pieces was associated with higher immunogenicity.
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