ReviewMolecular pharmacology2013
Sex-biased stress signaling: the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor as a model.
Review in Molecular pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypothesis on PTSD Pathophysiology: Role of CRH, Noradrenaline, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in an Amygdala-Centered Closed-Loop System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex differences in memory impairments after traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and models.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Childhood maltreatment and adult diseases in the general population: the mediating role of smoking and overweight in a time-sequence design.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Selective effects of oxytocin on alcohol drinking in subpopulations of male and female mice following intermittent predator stress.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Article
- Traumatic stress-enhanced alcohol drinking: Sex differences and animal model perspectives.Current addiction reports · 2024Article
- Neurobiological Underpinnings of Hyperarousal in Depression: A Comprehensive Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Sex Differences in Brain Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Acute stress alters recognition memory and AMPA/NMDA receptor subunits in a sex-dependent manner.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure disrupts stress-related tripartite communication to impact affect-related behavioral selection in male rats.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Sensitivity and Resilience to Predator Stress-Enhanced Ethanol Drinking Is Associated With Sex-Dependent Differences in Stress-Regulating Systems.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sex differences in anxiety and depression: circuits and mechanisms.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2021Review
- Hypoactive Thalamic Crh+ Cells in a Female Mouse Model of Alcohol Drinking After Social Trauma.Biological psychiatry · 2021Article
- Sex differences in CRF1, CRF, and CRFBP expression in C57BL/6J mouse brain across the lifespan and in response to acute stress.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Article
- Factors of sex and age dictate the regulation of GABAergic activity by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 in the medial sub-nucleus of the central amygdala.Neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Novel Application for G Protein-Biased Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists in Opioid Relapse Prevention.Biological psychiatry · 2020Article
- Biological intersection of sex, age, and environment in the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system and alcohol.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Dihydrotestosterone suppression of proinflammatory gene expression in human meibomian gland epithelial cells.The ocular surface · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex differences in the prevalence or severity of many diseases and in the response to pharmacological agents are well recognized. Elucidating the biologic bases of these differences can advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease and facilitate the development of treatments. Despite the importance to medicine, this has been an area of limited research. Here, we review physiologic, cellular, and molecular findings supporting the idea that there are sex differences in receptor signaling and trafficking that can be determinants of pathology. The focus is on the receptor for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the orchestrator of the stress response, which has been implicated in diverse stress-related diseases that show a female prevalence. Data are reviewed that show sex differences in the association of the CRF receptor (CRF1) with the Gs protein and β-arrestin 2 that would render females more responsive to acute stress and less able to adapt to chronic stress as a result of compromised CRF1 internalization. Because β-arrestin 2 serves to link CRF1 to Gs-independent signaling pathways, this sex-biased signaling is proposed to result in distinct cellular responses to stress that are translated to different physiologic and behavioral coping mechanisms and that can have different pathologic consequences. Because stress has been implicated in diverse medical and psychiatric diseases, these sex differences in CRF1 signaling could explain sex differences in a multitude of disorders. The possibility that analogous sex differences may occur with other G-protein-coupled receptors underscores the impact of this effect and is discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.